palea [
PO:0009038; plant anatomy term ]
A flower bract (PO:0009034) that is the upper/distal of the two bracts (PO:0009055) enclosing a (PO:0009082) spikelet floret.
More Synonyms: pale, palea (Spanish), palea of ear floret, palea of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear, palea of lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel, palea of lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear, palea of lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel, palea of tassel floret, palea of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear, palea of upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel, palea of upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear, palea of upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel, paleae, paleas, palet, PO:0006359, PO:0006361, PO:0006399, PO:0006401, PO:0006411, PO:0006413, PO:0006427, PO:0006428, PO:0006429, PO:0006430, 内頴 (Japanese)
Comments: A lemma (PO:0009037) and palea (PO:0009038) enclose an individual spikelet floret (PO:0009082). The palea is usually the smaller of the two. Since it is not clear what the lemma and palea correspond to in conventional flowers, no assumptions of homology are made. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea species an annotation can also be made to the more specific floret type, if known. Choose the most specific term possible from: ear floret (PO:0006354), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006353), lower floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006351), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316). Found in Found in Poaceae, Cyperaceae and other Poales.
palea awn [
PO:0025350; plant anatomy term ]
An awn that is part of a palea.
More Synonyms: arista de la palea (Spanish), 内頴芒 (Japanese)
Comments:
paleal apiculus [
PO:0006033; plant anatomy term ]
A short, abrupt, flexible point present at the apex of the palea.
More Synonyms: apículo de la palea (Spanish), apiculus, 内頴頂端 (Japanese)
Comments:
palisade mesophyll [
PO:0005648; plant anatomy term ]
Parenchyma containing closely packed elongated chlorenchymatous cells oriented perpendicular to the leaf surface and which are active in photosynthesis.
More Synonyms: mesófilo en empalizada (Spanish), palisade parenchyma, 柵状葉肉 (Japanese)
Comments: If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
palisade mesophyll cell [
PO:0006206; plant anatomy term ]
Elongated chlorenchymatous cell oriented perpendicular to the leaf surface and which is active in photosynthesis.
More Synonyms: célula del mesófilo en empalizada (Spanish), palisade parenchyma cell, 柵状葉肉細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: Usually found in the adaxil/upper part of the leaf mesophyll. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
palisade mesophyll intercellular space [
PO:0025397; plant anatomy term ]
A leaf mesophyll intercellular space that is part of a palisade mesophyll.
More Synonyms: espacio intercelular del mesófilo en palisada (Spanish), 柵状葉肉細胞間間隙 (Japanese)
Comments:
palmate leaf [
PO:0020046; plant anatomy term ]
A once-compound leaf divided into several leaflets which arise at the same point, there being no rachis.
More Synonyms: hoja palmada (Spanish), 掌状葉 (Japanese)
Comments:
papilla cell [
PO:0025166; plant anatomy term ]
An epidermal pavement cell with a short protuberance.
More Synonyms: célula papilosa (Spanish), 乳頭細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: See plant cell papilla (GO:0090395) for the subcellular component papilla.
pappus [
PO:0025393; plant anatomy term ]
A collective organ part structure that has a parts one or more pappus elements (scales, awns, or bristles) at the apex of an inferior ovary just beneath or outside the corolla.
More Synonyms: pappi, 冠毛 (Japanese)
Comments: Found in flowers and fruits (cypsela) of the Asteraceae. May aid in dispersal by wind or animals. Considered by some to be an evolutionarily modified upper calyx portion, the lower portion having been incorporated into the floral tube casing adnate to the ovary wall; considered by others to be an outgrowth from the ovary wall.
pappus element [
PO:0025394; plant anatomy term ]
A cardinal organ part that is a segment of a pappus.
More Synonyms: elemento del papu (Spanish), pappus awn, pappus bristle, pappus scale, 冠毛の要素 (Japanese)
Comments: May be awn-, scale-, or bristle-shaped.
paraclade cortex [
PO:0004721; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of cortex (PO:0005708) that is part of an inflorescence branch (PO:0009081), also called a paraclade.
More Synonyms: cortex (corteza) del paraclado (Spanish), inflorescence branch cortex, portion of paraclade cortex tissue, 側生分枝皮層 (Japanese)
Comments:
paraphyllium [
PO:0030069; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of epidermal tissue that is an outgrowth from the epidermis between the leaves of a gametophore axis.
More Synonyms: parafilium (Spanish), paraphyllia, 毛葉 (Japanese)
Comments: Paraphyllia are much smaller than leaves and may be filamentous, scale-like, or leaf-like. Found in pleurocarpous mosses and a few leafy liverworts.
paraphysis [
PO:0030070; plant anatomy term ]
A slender, usually uniseriate multicellular trichome (PO:0025162) that grows intermixed with the gametangia.
More Synonyms: paráfisis (Spanish), paraphyses, 側糸 (Japanese)
Comments: Found in bryophytes and pteridophytes, especially in mosses.
parenchyma [
PO:0005421; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) composed of polyhedral cells typically with thin, non-lignified cellulosic cell walls and nucleate, living protoplasts.
More Synonyms: parénquima (Spanish), portion of parenchyma tissue, portion of parenchymatous tissue, 柔組織 (Japanese)
Comments: Parenchyma contains relatively unspecialized cells.
parenchyma cell [
PO:0000074; plant anatomy term ]
A relatively unspecialized ground tissue cell with a nucleate protoplast.
More Synonyms: célula parenquimática (Spanish), 柔組織細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
parenchyma sheath [
PO:0006024; plant anatomy term ]
A single layered, parenchymatous bundle sheath characterized by presence of large quantity of starch.
More Synonyms: starch sheath, vaina parenquimática (Spanish), 柔組織 鞘 (Japanese)
Comments: Homologous to the endodermis.
passage cell [
PO:0000353; plant anatomy term ]
A ground tissue cell that is part of an exodermis or an endodermis and remains thin walled when the associated cells develop thick secondary walls.
More Synonyms: célula de pasaje (Spanish), 通過細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
pedicel cortex [
PO:0004722; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of cortex (PO:0005708) that is part of a pedicel (PO:0009052).
More Synonyms: cortex (corteza) del pedicelo (Spanish), portion of pedicel cortex tissue, 小花柄皮層 (Japanese)
Comments:
pedicel of ear spikelet [
PO:0006415; plant anatomy term ]
This is the ultimate branch of the pedicellate ear spikelet.
More Synonyms: 雌穂(花)小穂の小花柄 (Japanese), pedicelo de la espiguilla de la espiga (Spanish)
Comments:
pedicel of tassel spikelet [
PO:0006416; plant anatomy term ]
This is the ultimate branch of the pedicellate tassel spikelet.
More Synonyms: 雄穂(花)小穂の小花柄 (Japanese), pedicelo de la espiguilla del penacho (borla) (Spanish)
Comments:
pedicel vascular system [
PO:0005012; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot axis vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a pedicel.
More Synonyms: sistema vascular del pedicelo (Spanish), 小花柄維管系 (Japanese)
Comments:
peduncle [
PO:0009053; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot axis that extends from the last foliage leaf on a stem or branch until the next distal node.
More Synonyms: 花梗(総梗) (Japanese), inflorescence stem, pedúnculo (Spanish)
Comments: In plants with single flowers, the peduncle ends with a flower. In plants with inflorescences, the peduncle is the basal end of the primary inflorescence axis, and it ends where the inflorescence begins to branch. The peduncle marks the axial transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. In branching inflorescences, the second order inflorescence axis from the point at which it leaves the main axis up to the point at which it branches again may be called the second order peduncle. Higher order peduncles are also possible.
peduncle epidermis [
PO:0025152; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of branch epidermis that is part of a peduncle.
More Synonyms: epidermis del pedúnculo (Spanish), 花梗表皮 (Japanese), peduncle surface
Comments:
peduncle trichome [
PO:0025153; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot axis trichome that is part of a peduncle epidermis.
More Synonyms: 花梗毛(毛茸、糸状体) (Japanese), peduncle hair, tricoma del pedúnculo (Spanish)
Comments:
pentarch protoxylem [
PO:0025562; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of root exarch protoxylem (PO:0025555) tissue in which the primary xylem (PO:0005849) of the root system (PO:0025025) has five protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis (PO:0025004).
More Synonyms: protoxilema pentarco (Spanish), 五原型原生木部 (Japanese)
Comments:
perianth [
PO:0009058; plant anatomy term ]
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) that includes as parts the corolla (PO:0009059) and/or the calyx (PO:0009060); or one or more tepals (PO:0009033).
More Synonyms: adnate perianth, calyptra perianth, connate perianth, 花蓋、花被 (Japanese), perianto (Spanish)
Comments: The perianth can consist of only the corolla (PO:0009059), only the calyx (PO:0009060) or it may have both structures in a complete flower. If the petals (PO:0009032) and sepals (PO:0009031) are indistinguishable from one another, the perianth consists of just a collective tepal structure (PO:0025021), composed of one or more tepals (PO:0009033), for example in tulip or lily flowers.
periblem [
PO:0008036; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of meristem tissue that forms the cortex.
More Synonyms: periblema (Spanish), 原皮層 (Japanese)
Comments:
pericarp [
PO:0009084; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the outer layer (wall) of a fruit (PO:0009001), and develops from a plant ovary (PO:0009072) or a carpel (PO:0009030) wall.
More Synonyms: fruit peel, fruit rind, pericarpo (Spanish), portion of pericarp tissue, 果皮 (Japanese)
Comments: May be fleshy in fruits such as grape.
pericarp vascular bundle [
PO:0025203; plant anatomy term ]
A vascular bundle (PO:0005020) that is part of a pericarp (PO:0009084).
More Synonyms: haz vascular del pericarpo (Spanish), 果皮維管束 (Japanese)
Comments:
perichaetal bract [
PO:0030030; plant anatomy term ]
A bract (PO:0009055) that subtends an archegonium (PO:0025126).
More Synonyms: bráctea pericaetal (Spanish), 雌花苞葉 (Japanese), perichaetum bract
Comments: When an archegonium occurs on a specialized lateral branch of the gametophore, all of the phyllomes on that branch are usually perichaetal bracts. If an archegonium occurs on a main axis of the gametophore, only the terminal phyllomes are usually perichaetal bracts. The two or three terminal-most perichaetal bracts may fuse to form a gametophytic perianth.
pericycle [
PO:0006203; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of ground tissue that is part of a root stele located between the phloem and endodermis.
More Synonyms: periciclo (Spanish), portion of pericycle tissue, portion of pericyclic tissue, 内鞘 (Japanese)
Comments:
pericycle cell [
PO:0025261; plant anatomy term ]
A ground tissue cell that is part of a portion of pericycle.
More Synonyms: célula del periciclo (Spanish), 内鞘細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
pericyclic lateral root [
PO:0025494; plant anatomy term ]
A lateral root (PO:0025495) that develops from a pericyclic lateral root primordium (PO:0025492).
More Synonyms: raíz lateral pericíclica (Spanish), 内鞘由来分枝根 (Japanese)
Comments: A pericyclic lateral root primordium develops from cells that are part of a pericycle (PO:0006203). This is the most common type of lateral root in seed plants.
pericyclic lateral root primordium [
PO:0025492; plant anatomy term ]
A lateral root primordium (PO:0000016) that develops from a portion of pericycle tissue (PO:0006203) and is committed to the development of a pericyclic lateral root (PO:0025494).
More Synonyms: primordio de raíz lateral peric�clica (Spanish), 内鞘由来分枝根始原体 (Japanese)
Comments:
periderm [
PO:0005046; plant anatomy term ]
A peripheral portion of ground tissue in a plant axis that is composed of phellogen, phellem, and phelloderm.
More Synonyms: peridermis (Spanish), portion of periderm tissue, portion of peridermal tissue, 周皮 (Japanese)
Comments: After secondary growth, the periderm may replace the epidermis in stems and roots, rarely in other organs. In some cases, the epidermis is retained after periderm development. Periderm is derived from lateral meristem and may contain secondary phloem.
perigonial bract [
PO:0030028; plant anatomy term ]
A bract (PO:0009055) that subtends an antheridium (PO:0025125).
More Synonyms: bráctea del perigonio (Spanish), 花蓋苞葉 (Japanese), perigonium bract
Comments: When an antheridium occurs on a specialized lateral branch of the gametophore, all of the phyllomes on that branch are usually perigonial bracts. If an antheridium occurs on a main axis of the gametophore, usually only the terminal phyllomes are perigonial bracts.
perigynium [
PO:0009044; plant anatomy term ]
Sac-like bract subtending the pistillate flower, as in
Carex.
More Synonyms: ペリギニウム、果胞、造卵器群やそれから発生した胞子体の周辺の組織が発達し肉厚で筒状となった構造 (Japanese), perigeneo (Spanish), perigynia
Comments:
perimedullary zone [
PO:0025058; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of parenchyma (PO:0005421) that is the outer layer of the pith (PO:0006109).
More Synonyms: 髄冠 (Japanese), zona perimedular (Spanish)
Comments: The term perimedullary zone is only used when the outer layer of the pith is distinct from the inner layer.
peripheral zone [
PO:0000225; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division.
More Synonyms: peripheral meristem, zona periférica (Spanish), 周辺帯 (Japanese)
Comments:
perisperm [
PO:0020058; plant anatomy term ]
Diploid nutritive tissue in an angiosperm seed derived from nucellar tissue.
More Synonyms: perisperma (Spanish), PO:0006335, portion of perisperm tissue, seed nucellus, 外胚乳 (Japanese)
Comments:
peristome [
PO:0030042; plant anatomy term ]
A single or double circle of peristome teeth inside a sporangium mouth.
More Synonyms: 蒴歯、縁歯 (Japanese), peristoma (Spanish)
Comments: The peristome is located under the operculum, if an operculum is present. Upon maturity of a capsule, the teeth of the peristome open to release the spores.
peristome tooth [
PO:0030043; plant anatomy term ]
A cardinal organ part that is a single lobe of a peristome.
More Synonyms: dientes del peristoma (Spanish), 蒴歯歯片、縁歯歯片, 歯環を構成する個々の歯(Japanese)
Comments: Generally triangular. Peristome teeth may be simple or compound, and may be attached by their tips to the epiphragm.
persistent sepal [
PO:0025245; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome that develops from a sepal and remains attached to a fruit at maturity.
More Synonyms: flower relict, sépalo persistente (Spanish), 宿存がく片 (Japanese)
Comments: May be alive or dead at maturity.
persistent stamen [
PO:0025247; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome that develops from a stamen and remains attached to a fruit at maturity.
More Synonyms: estambre persistente (Spanish), flower relict, 宿存雄蕊 (Japanese)
Comments: May be alive or dead at maturity.
persistent tepal [
PO:0025246; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome (PO:0006001) that develops from a tepal (PO:0009033) and remains attached to a fruit (PO:0009001) at maturity.
More Synonyms: flower relict, tépalo persistente (Spanish), 宿存花被片 (Japanese)
Comments: May be alive or dead at maturity.
petal [
PO:0009032; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is part of the corolla (PO:0009059), and is usually colored (not green).
More Synonyms: 花弁 (Japanese), pétalo (Spanish)
Comments: In some species the petal (PO:0009032) may not be colored.
petal abaxial epidermis [
PO:0006052; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of petal epidermis that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a petal.
More Synonyms: epidermis abaxial del pétalo (Spanish), 花弁背軸側 表皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
petal adaxial epidermis [
PO:0006053; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of petal epidermis that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a petal.
More Synonyms: epidermis adaxial del pétalo (Spanish), 花弁向軸側 表皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
petal anlagen [
PO:0025484; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a petal primordium (PO:0000021) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a flower meristem (PO:0000229).
More Synonyms: anlagen del pétalo (Spanish), 花弁原基 (Japanese)
Comments:
petal apex [
PO:0025144; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome apex (PO:0025139) that is part of a petal (PO:0009032).
More Synonyms: ápice del pétalo (Spanish), 花弁頂 (Japanese)
Comments: It is not precisely defined how far toward the base from the tip a petal apex extends. For the apical most portion of a petal, use the term petal tip.
petal base [
PO:0025146; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome base (PO:0025140) that is part of a petal (PO:0009032).
More Synonyms: base del pétalo (Spanish), 花弁基部 (Japanese)
Comments:
petal epidermis [
PO:0006041; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a petal (PO:0009032).
More Synonyms: epidermis del pétalo (Spanish), 花弁表皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
petal margin [
PO:0025008; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome margin (PO:0025018) of a petal (PO:0009032).
More Synonyms: 花弁周縁 (Japanese), margen del pétalo (Spanish)
Comments:
petal mesophyll [
PO:0006071; plant anatomy term ]
The chloroplast-containing, photosynthetic parenchymatous tissue situated between the two epidermal layers of the petal.
More Synonyms: 花弁葉肉 (Japanese), mesófilo del pétalo (Spanish)
Comments:
petal parenchyma [
PO:0006069; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of parenchyma (PO:0005421) tissue that is part of a petal (PO:0009032).
More Synonyms: 花弁柔組織 (Japanese), parénquima del pétalo (Spanish)
Comments:
petal primordium [
PO:0000021; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a petal anlagen (PO:0025484) and is committed to the development of a petal (PO:0009032).
More Synonyms: 花弁原基(可視的) (Japanese), petal primordia, portion of petal primordium tissue, primordio de pétalo (Spanish)
Comments:
petal spur [
PO:0025511; plant anatomy term ]
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is a slender, hollow extension of a petal (PO:0009032).
More Synonyms: estribo del pétalo (Spanish), 花弁距 (Japanese)
Comments: Often contains nectar. Use this term if the spur is part of a single petal. If the spur is part two or more fused petals, use corolla spur (PO:0025512).
petal stomatal complex [
PO:0025218; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome stomatal complex (PO:0025215) that is part of a petal (PO:0009032).
More Synonyms: complejo estomático del pétalo (Spanish), 花弁気孔装置 (Japanese), petal epidermal stomatal complex, petal epidermis stomatal complex
Comments:
petal tip [
PO:0025149; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome tip that is part of a petal apex.
More Synonyms: 花弁先端 (Japanese), punta del pétalo (Spanish)
Comments: This term is to be used for only the apical most portion of a petal. For a larger area, use the term petal apex. Use this term when describing the shape of a petal tip.
petal trichome [
PO:0025187; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome trichome that is part of a petal epidermis.
More Synonyms: 花弁毛(毛茸、糸状体) (Japanese), tricoma del pétalo (Spanish)
Comments:
petal vascular system [
PO:0000054; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome vascular system (PO:0025206) that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a petal (PO:0025218).
More Synonyms: 花弁維管系 (Japanese), sistema vascular de pétalo (Spanish)
Comments:
petiole [
PO:0020038; plant anatomy term ]
A stalk of a leaf.
More Synonyms: 葉柄 (Japanese), pecíolo (Spanish)
Comments:
petiole abaxial epidermis [
PO:0008029; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of petiole epidermis that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a petiole.
More Synonyms: epidermis abaxial del pecíolo (Spanish), 葉柄背軸側 表皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
petiole adaxial epidermis [
PO:0008027; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of petiole epidermis that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a petiole.
More Synonyms: epidermis adaxial del pecíolo (Spanish), 葉柄向軸側 表皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
petiole canal [
PO:0025133; plant anatomy term ]
A canal that is part of a petiole.
More Synonyms: canal de pecíolo (Spanish), 葉柄の溝 (Japanese)
Comments: May occur on the surface or be internal.
petiole cortex [
PO:0000053; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of cortex (PO:0005708) that is part of a petiole (PO:0020038).
More Synonyms: cortex (corteza) del pecíolo (Spanish), 葉柄皮層 (Japanese), portion of petiole corex tissue
Comments:
petiole distal end [
PO:0008026; plant anatomy term ]
The region of the petiole distal to its stem attachment site or proximal to the leaf lamina.
More Synonyms: extremo distal del pecíolo (Spanish), 葉柄遠位端 (Japanese), petiole apex
Comments:
petiole epidermis [
PO:0000051; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of leaf epidermis that is part of a petiole.
More Synonyms: epidermis del pecíolo (Spanish), 葉柄表皮 (Japanese)
Comments: If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
petiole lamina [
PO:0025129; plant anatomy term ]
A lamina (PO:0025060) that is part of a petiole (PO:0020038).
More Synonyms: 葉柄葉身、葉片 (Japanese), lámina (ala) del pecíolo (Spanish), petiole wing
Comments: The entire petiole may be laminar, or the petiole may be more or less rounded in cross section with laminar extensions.
petiole margin [
PO:0025010; plant anatomy term ]
The margin of a flattened petiole.
More Synonyms: 葉柄縁 (Japanese), margen del pecíolo (Spanish)
Comments: Petiole margins may be found in flattened (laminar) petioles, but may also occur in laminar extensions of petioles that are rounded or c-shaped in cross section.
petiole parenchyma [
PO:0006066; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of parenchyma tissue that is part of a petiole.
More Synonyms: 葉柄柔組織 (Japanese), parénquima del pecíolo (Spanish)
Comments:
petiole proximal end [
PO:0008024; plant anatomy term ]
The region of the petiole proximal to its stem attachment site.
More Synonyms: extremo proximal del pecíolo (Spanish), 葉柄 近位端 (Japanese), petiole base
Comments:
petiole pulvinus [
PO:0009111; plant anatomy term ]
Pulvinus of the petiole.
More Synonyms: 葉柄葉枕 (Japanese), pulvínulo del pecíolo (Spanish)
Comments:
petiole stomatal complex [
PO:0025189; plant anatomy term ]
A leaf stomatal complex that is part of a petiole.
More Synonyms: complejo estomático del pecíolo (Spanish), 葉柄 気孔装置 (Japanese), petiole epidermal stomatal complex, petiole epidermis stomatal complex
Comments:
petiole vascular bundle [
PO:0025434; plant anatomy term ]
A vascular bundle (PO:0005020) that is part of a petiole vascular system (PO:0000052).
More Synonyms: 葉柄維管束 (Japanese), haz vascular del pecíolo (Spanish)
Comments:
petiole vascular system [
PO:0000052; plant anatomy term ]
A vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a leaf petiole.
More Synonyms: 葉柄維管系 (Japanese), sistema vascular del pecíolo (Spanish)
Comments:
petiolule [
PO:0020050; plant anatomy term ]
A stalk of a leaflet.
More Synonyms: peciolulo (Spanish), 小葉柄 (Japanese)
Comments:
phellem [
PO:0004003; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of ground issue centrifugally derived from cork cambium, non-living at maturity, and having suberized walls.
More Synonyms: コルク組織(=cork tissue) (Japanese), cork, felema (Spanish), PO:0005049, portion of phellem tissue
Comments: Protective in function because the walls are highly impervious to water.
phelloderm [
PO:0005050; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of ground tissue often resembling cortical parenchyma produced centripetally by the cork cambium.
More Synonyms: コルク皮層 (Japanese), felodermis (Spanish), portion of phelloderm tissue
Comments:
phloem [
PO:0005417; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) that has as parts sieve elements (PO:0025406).
More Synonyms: floema (Spanish), portion of phloem tissue, 師部、師管 (Japanese)
Comments: Functions in the conduction of organic substances in vascular plants.
phloem fiber cell [
PO:0004519; plant anatomy term ]
A fiber cell (PO:0025407) that is part of a portion of phloem (PO:0005417) tissue.
More Synonyms: fibra del floema (Spanish), phloem fiber, 師部繊維 (Japanese)
Comments:
phloem mother cell [
PO:0000400; plant anatomy term ]
A cambial initial cell (PO:0000295) which is destined to differentiate into secondary phloem.
More Synonyms: célula madre del floema (Spanish), 師部母細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: Phloem islands can be formed in the middle of the xylem.
phloem pole pericycle cell [
PO:0000065; plant anatomy term ]
A pericycle cell that is adjacent to the protophloem of a vascular bundle.
More Synonyms: célula del polo floemático del periciclo (Spanish), 師部極内鞘細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: Phloem pole pericycle cells are cells in the pericycle that are adjacent to the protophloem pole of a vascular bundle. Pericycle cells that are adjacent to other phloem cells in the vascular bundle are not considered phloem pole pericycle cells. Phloem pole pericycle cells are distinct from xylem pole pericycle cells in that they display cytoplasmic characteristics of a more differentiated status.
phloem sap [
PO:0025540; plant anatomy term ]
A plant sap (PO:0025538) that is an aqueous solution which may contain sugars, mineral elements, and plant hormones, and is transported through the phloem sieve elements (PO:0025406).
More Synonyms: savia del floema (Spanish), 師管液 (Japanese)
Comments:
phyllode leaf [
PO:0025335; plant anatomy term ]
An adult ensiform leaf with a lamina that develops in a median plane, rather a transverse plane, throughout the length of the leaf and is a result of increased activity of the adaxial meristem early in development.
More Synonyms: adult phyllode leaf, 葉化葉? (Japanese), filodio, filodio EXACT Spanish [POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo] (Spanish), phyllode, phyllodia, phyllodium
Comments: Common in legumes of the genus Acacia. Similar development occurs in other ensiform leaves in some monocots, but they are not called phyllodes. Transitional leaves also occur, in which the basal portion of the leaf develops similar to a phyllode, but the apical portion of the leaf develops normal leaflets (see PO:0025336, transition phyllode leaf). Phyllodes are generally xeromorphic.
phyllome [
PO:0006001; plant anatomy term ]
A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148).
More Synonyms: フィロム、葉(的)器官 (Japanese), filoma (Spanish)
Comments:
phyllome abaxial meristem [
PO:0025402; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is found on the abaxial side of a developing phyllome (PO:0006001).
More Synonyms: フィロム背軸側分裂組織 (Japanese), meristema abaxial del filoma (Spanish), phyllome abaxial rounding meristem, phyllome abaxial unifacial meristem
Comments: Contributes to the thickness of a phyllome (PO:0006001). There are two types of adaxial meristems. In phyllomes with a petiole (PO:0020038) and lamina (PO:0025060), an adaxial rounding meristem occurs later in development, is separated from the apical meristem (PO:0020144), and contributes to the thickness of the petiole and midrib. In unifacial phyllomes, the an adaxial meristem occurs earlier in development, is close to but separate from the apical meristem, and contributes to the thickness and cross-sectional shape of the entire phyllome. If annotating to a leaf, use the more specific term leaf abaxial meristem (PO:0025403).
phyllome adaxial meristem [
PO:0025400; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is found on the adaxial side of a developing phyllome (PO:0006001).
More Synonyms: フィロム向軸側分裂組織 (Japanese), meristema adaxial del filoma (Spanish), phyllome adaxial rounding meristem, phyllome adaxial unifacial meristem
Comments: Contributes to the thickness of a phyllome (PO:0006001). There are two types of adaxial meristems. In phyllomes with a petiole (PO:0020038) and lamina (PO:0025060), an adaxial rounding meristem occurs later in development, is separated from the apical meristem (PO:0020144), and contributes to the thickness of the petiole and midrib. In unifacial phyllomes, the an adaxial meristem occurs earlier in development, is close to but separate from the apical meristem, and contributes to the thickness and cross-sectional shape of the entire phyllome. If annotating to a leaf, use the more specific term leaf adaxial meristem (PO:0025401).
phyllome anlagen [
PO:0025430; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128).
More Synonyms: フィロム原基 (Japanese), phyllome meristem
Comments: The phyllome anlagen is only detectable by gene expression, not morphology.
phyllome apex [
PO:0025139; plant anatomy term ]
The apical portion of a phyllome.
More Synonyms: ápice del filoma (Spanish), フィロム頂端 (Japanese)
Comments: It is not precisely defined how far toward the base from the tip a phyllome apex extends. For the apical most portion of a phyllome, use the term phyllome tip.
phyllome base [
PO:0025140; plant anatomy term ]
The basal part of a phyllome (PO:0006001), where it attaches to a shoot axis (PO:0025029).
More Synonyms: フィロム基部 (Japanese), base del filoma (Spanish)
Comments:
phyllome epidermis [
PO:0025157; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of shoot epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a phyllome (PO:0006001).
More Synonyms: フィロム表皮 (Japanese), epidermis del filoma (Spanish)
Comments:
phyllome founder cell [
PO:0025586; plant anatomy term ]
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of the phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430).
More Synonyms: phyllome anlagen cell
Comments: As a group, the phyllome founder cells encompass several layers of the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and form a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430). Founder cells do not function as stem cells but rather have a determinate fate and can be defined by histological, clonal and molecular criteria.
phyllome guard cell [
PO:0025236; plant anatomy term ]
A guard cell that is part of a phyllome stomatal complex.
More Synonyms: フィロム孔辺細胞 (Japanese), célula guardiana del filoma (Spanish)
Comments:
phyllome lamina [
PO:0025396; plant anatomy term ]
An organ lamina (PO:0025513) that is part of a phyllome (PO:0006001).
More Synonyms: フィロム葉身 (Japanese), filoma laminar (Spanish)
Comments:
phyllome lamina areole [
PO:0025391; plant anatomy term ]
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is part of a phyllome lamina (PO:0025396) and is completely surrounded by phyllome lamina veins (PO:0025348) and cannot be divided into any smaller parts that are completely surrounded by phyllome lamina veins.
More Synonyms: areola de la lámina (Spanish), フィロム葉身網目隙 (Japanese)
Comments: Any order of phyllome lamina vein can form the sides of a phyllome lamina areole. Taken together, the phyllome lamina areoles form a contiguous field of polygons over the area of a phyllome lamina.
phyllome lamina crena [
PO:0025516; plant anatomy term ]
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is a rounded projection on a phyllome margin (PO:0025018) for which the corresponding phyllome sinus (PO:0025383) extends less than one quarter of the distance to the center of the long axis of the phyllome lamina (PO:0025396).
More Synonyms: フィロム葉身鈍鋸歯状 (Japanese), phyllome lamina crenae
Comments: See phyllome lamina tooth (PO:0025515) for a small angular projection. The corresponding phyllome sinus may be rounded or angular.
phyllome lamina lobe [
PO:0025514; plant anatomy term ]
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is a projection on a phyllome margin (PO:0025018) for which the corresponding phyllome sinus (PO:0025383) extends one quarter or more of the distance to the center of the long axis of the phyllome lamina (PO:0025396).
More Synonyms: フィロム葉身裂片 (Japanese)
Comments: A phyllome lobe may be either rounded or angular at the tip, and may have phyllome teeth (PO:0025515) or phyllome crenae (PO:0025516) on its margin. The corresponding phyllome sinus may be rounded or angular.
phyllome lamina tooth [
PO:0025515; plant anatomy term ]
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is an angular projection on a phyllome margin (PO:0025018) for which the corresponding phyllome sinus (PO:0025383) extends less than one quarter of the distance to the center of the long axis of the phyllome lamina (PO:0025396).
More Synonyms: フィロム葉身tooth (Japanese), phyllome lamina teeth
Comments: See phyllome lamina crena (PO:0025516) for a small rounded projection. The corresponding phyllome sinus may be rounded or angular.
phyllome lamina vein [
PO:0025348; plant anatomy term ]
A vascular bundle (PO:0005020) that is part of a phyllome lamina (PO:0025396).
More Synonyms: フィロム葉身脈 (Japanese), vena del filoma laminar (Spanish)
Comments:
phyllome margin [
PO:0025018; plant anatomy term ]
An organ margin (PO:0025005) that is part of a phyllome (PO:0006001).
More Synonyms: フィロム縁 (Japanese), margen del filoma (Spanish)
Comments:
phyllome marginal meristem [
PO:0025404; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of meristem (PO:0009013) tissue that is part of a phyllome margin (PO:0025018) of an expanding phyllome (PO:0006001) and has as parts marginal and submarginal initials.
More Synonyms: フィロム縁分裂細胞 (Japanese), meristema marginal del filoma (Spanish), phyllome margin meristem
Comments: Phyllome marginal meristems may develop on the lateral margins of a phyllome after the transition from a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) and may contribute to expansion of the phyllome lamina (PO:0025396). Marginal growth can occur in a phyllome primordium, but it is not considered part of a phyllome marginal meristem. Phyllome marginal initials may give rise to phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) while phyllome submarginal initials may give rise to the mesophyll (PO:0006070). May be of limited duration.
phyllome plate meristem [
PO:0025428; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of meristem (PO:0009013) tissue in which the planes of cell division in each layer are anticlinal to the surface of the phyllome (PO:0006001).
More Synonyms: フィロムplate分裂細胞 (Japanese), meristema en placa del filoma (Spanish)
Comments: The activity of a phyllome plate meristem results in increase in the surface area, but not thickness of a phyllome.
phyllome primordium [
PO:0025128; plant anatomy term ]
A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001).
More Synonyms: フィロム原基(可視的) (Japanese), phyllome primordia, portion of phyllome primordium tissue, primordio del filoma (Spanish)
Comments: The transition from phyllome primordium to phyllome occurs when the first non-meristematic tissue develops begins to develop.
phyllome sinus [
PO:0025383; plant anatomy term ]
A plant anatomical space that is a phyllome marginal embayment, incision or indentation between marginal projections of any sort, typically lobes, teeth, or the base of cordate phyllomes.
More Synonyms: フィロム洞 (Japanese), seno del filoma (Spanish)
Comments: Can be angular or rounded.
phyllome stomatal complex [
PO:0025215; plant anatomy term ]
A stomatal complex (PO:0002000) that is part of a phyllome (PO:0006001).
More Synonyms: フィロム 気孔装置 (Japanese), complejo estomático del filoma (Spanish), phyllome epidermal stomatal complex, phyllome epidermis stomatal complex
Comments:
phyllome stomatal pore [
PO:0025234; plant anatomy term ]
A stomatal pore that is part of a phyllome stomatal complex.
More Synonyms: フィロム 気孔開口部 (Japanese), poro estomático del filoma (Spanish)
Comments:
phyllome substomatal cavity [
PO:0025398; plant anatomy term ]
A substomatal cavity that is part of a phyllome.
More Synonyms: フィロム気孔下腔、フィロム呼吸腔 (Japanese), cavidad subestomática del filoma (Spanish)
Comments:
phyllome tip [
PO:0025141; plant anatomy term ]
The apical most portion of a phyllome apex.
More Synonyms: フィロム 先端 (Japanese), punta del filoma (Spanish)
Comments: This term is to be used for only the apical most portion of a phyllome. For a larger area, use the term phyllome apex. Use this term when describing the shape of a phyllome tip.
phyllome trichome [
PO:0025186; plant anatomy term ]
A trichome that is part of a phyllome epidermis.
More Synonyms: フィロム毛(毛茸、糸状体) (Japanese), tricoma del filoma (Spanish)
Comments:
phyllome vascular system [
PO:0025206; plant anatomy term ]
A vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a phyllome.
More Synonyms: フィロム維管系 (Japanese), sistema vascular del filoma (Spanish)
Comments:
pinnate leaf [
PO:0020045; plant anatomy term ]
A once-compound leaf with leaflets borne along a rachis.
More Synonyms: 羽状葉 (Japanese), hoja pinnada (Spanish)
Comments: The total number of leaflets may be even or odd, in which case the leaf is called even-pinnate or odd-pinnate respectively.
pistillate flower [
PO:0025599; plant anatomy term ]
A flower (PO:0009046) that includes as part a single carpel (PO:0009030) or a gynoecium (PO:0009062), but the androecium (PO:0009061) is absent or has aborted during development.
More Synonyms: carpellate flower, diclinous flower, female flower, imperfect flower
Comments:
pistillate inflorescence [
PO:0025598; plant anatomy term ]
An inflorescence (PO:0009049) that includes as part only pistillate flowers (PO:0025599).
More Synonyms: carpellate inflorescence, female inflorescence
Comments:
pistillode [
PO:0009078; plant anatomy term ]
A sterile pistil, often rudimentary.
More Synonyms: pistillodia, pistillodium, pistilodio (Spanish), 不稔の雌蕊、退化雌蕊 (Japanese)
Comments:
pith [
PO:0006109; plant anatomy term ]
A maximal portion of parenchyma (PO:0005421) in the center of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) or root (PO:0009005).
More Synonyms: 髄 (Japanese), médula (Spanish), medulla
Comments:
placenta [
PO:0025078; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue at the interface between two plant structures, one of which is in a gametophyte development stage (PO:id) and one of which is in a sporophyte development stage (PO:id), and that has as parts transfer cells (PO:0000078).
More Synonyms: 胎座 (Japanese), placenta (Spanish), placentae, placentas, portion of placenta tissue
Comments: The transfer cells aid in nutrient transport. Examples include ovary placenta (PO:0020001) and fruit placenta (PO:0004535).
placentoid [
PO:0020005; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of parenchyma tissue that is part of a connective and projects into a pollen sac.
More Synonyms: 胎座様 (Japanese), plancentoide (Spanish), PO:0006448, PO:0006483, Poaceae placentoid, Zea placentoid
Comments: If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
plant anatomical entity [
PO:0025131; plant anatomy term ]
An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant.
More Synonyms: entidad anatómica vegetal (Spanish), 植物 解剖学(形態)的実体 (Japanese)
Comments: Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 anatomical entity is defined as: Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
plant anatomical space [
PO:0025117; plant anatomy term ]
An anatomical space that is part of a plant.
More Synonyms: espacio anatómico vegetal (Spanish), lacuna, lacunae, lumen, lumina, 植物 解剖学(形態)的空間 (Japanese)
Comments: CARO:0000005 anatomical space is defined as: Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.
plant axis [
PO:0025004; plant anatomy term ]
An axial plant organ (PO:0009008).
More Synonyms: eje de la planta (Spanish), plant axes, 植物軸(軸柱) (Japanese)
Comments: Includes roots and shoots.
plant axis differentiation zone [
PO:0025119; plant anatomy term ]
A cardinal organ part that is part of a plant axis and is located behind the elongation zone and contains cells that are differentiating into their final form and function.
More Synonyms: zona de diferenciación de eje vegetal (Spanish), 植物軸分化帯 (Japanese)
Comments: Primary, not secondary, tissue differentiation occurs in a differentiation zone.
plant axis elongation zone [
PO:0025180; plant anatomy term ]
A cardinal organ part that is part of a plant axis that is located directly behind an apical meristem, in which the cells are undergoing longitudinal expansion.
More Synonyms: zona de elongación del eje de la planta (Spanish), 植物軸伸長帯 (Japanese)
Comments:
plant callus [
PO:0005052; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that consists of mass of undifferentiated plant cells (PO:0009002).
More Synonyms: callo (Spanish), callus, portion of plant callus tissue, 植物カルス (Japanese)
Comments: Consists primarily of parenchyma cells but may contain other cell types as the callus begins to differentiate. May be formed as a result of wounding or may develop in culture.
plant cell [
PO:0009002; plant anatomy term ]
A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011).
More Synonyms: célula vegetal (Spanish), cell, 植物細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: Applies to cells that are living or dead at maturity (e.g., fiber cell or tracheid) and includes any external encapsulating structures (if present) such as the plasma membrane and the plant-type cell wall. Definition of cell GO:0005623: "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope". GO:0009505. Definition of plant-type cell wall (GO:0009505): A more or less rigid structure lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances, synonym; exact: cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall.
plant cuticle [
PO:0000022; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) composed of cutin (PO:0025385), a polyester matrix of hydroxy- and hydroxy epoxy fatty acids C16 and C18 chains, embedded and overlayed with cuticular wax (PO:0025386) and forming a layer on the surface of a plant epidermis (PO:0005679).
More Synonyms: cutícula (Spanish), cuticle, 植物クチクラ (Japanese)
Comments: The plant cuticle is produced in and secreted by epidermal cells (PO:0004013) of leaves (PO:0025034), stems (PO:0009047), fruits (PO:0009001), and other aerial plant structures. It has as parts an inner cuticle proper (PO:0025387) and an outer layer of epicuticular wax (PO:0025388).
plant cuticle proper [
PO:0025387; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is the inner layer of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022), composed primarily of cutin (PO:0025385), embedded and overlayed with cuticular wax (PO:0025386).
More Synonyms: cutícula propia de la planta (Spanish), cuticle proper, cutin matrix, 植物クチクラproper (Japanese)
Comments:
plant cuticle ridge [
PO:0025536; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant cuticle (PO:000022) that forms a ridge, may be overlayed with epicuticular wax (PO:0025388).
More Synonyms: cresta de la cuticula vegetal (Spanish), 植物クチクラ縁 (Japanese)
Comments:
plant egg cell [
PO:0020094; plant anatomy term ]
A gamete (PO:0025006) produced by an archegonium (PO:0025126) or an embryo sac (PO:0025074).
More Synonyms: egg cell, female gamete, megagamete, non-mobile gamete, oocélula (Spanish), 植物卵細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: The plant egg cell (megagamete) is usually larger than the plant sperm cell (PO:0000084; microgamete).
plant embryo [
PO:0009009; plant anatomy term ]
A whole plant (PO:0000003) that participates in the plant embryo stage (PO:0007631).
More Synonyms: embrión (Spanish), embryo, germ, 植物胚 (Japanese)
Comments: A plant embryo is generally formed after the first division of a plant zygote (PO:0000423), but in the case of a nucellar (adventitious) plant embryo (PO:0004537), somatic plant embryo (PO:0025302), microspore-derived cultured plant embryo (PO:0025305), and other embryos that arise through apogamy, it begins after the division of a single cell that is not a zygote. The end of the embryo stage varies among taxa; the beginning of a seed germination stage (PO:0007057) in seed plants, formation of the first vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in pteridophytes, the beginning of development of a sporangium (PO:0025094) in bryophytes, or the beginning of the formation of a plant organ (PO:0009008) such as a root (PO:0009005), shoot axis (PO:0025029), or vascular leaf (PO:0009025) in a cultured plant embryo (PO:0000010).
plant embryo axis [
PO:0019018; plant anatomy term ]
A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is the axial part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
More Synonyms: eje del embrión (Spanish), embryo axis, hypocotyl-root axis, zygotic plant embryo axis, 植物胚軸 (Japanese)
Comments: Has as parts a hypocotyl, a root meristem and a radicle, if any of these are present.
plant embryo coleoptile [
PO:0025286; plant anatomy term ]
A coleoptile (PO:0020033) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
More Synonyms: coleóptile del embrión (Spanish), embryonic coleoptile, 胚子葉鞘、胚鞘葉 (Japanese)
Comments:
plant embryo cotyledon [
PO:0025470; plant anatomy term ]
A cotyledon (PO:0020030) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
More Synonyms:
Comments:
plant embryo proper [
PO:0000001; plant anatomy term ]
An embryonic plant structure (PO:0025099) that is the body of a developing plant embryo (PO:0009009) attached to the maternal tissue in an plant ovule (PO:0020003) by a suspensor (PO:0020108).
More Synonyms: embrióforo (Spanish), 胚本体 (Japanese)
Comments: The embryo proper is the entire embryo exclusive of the suspensor.
plant embryo radicle [
PO:0025296; plant anatomy term ]
A radicle (PO:0020031) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
More Synonyms: embryonic radicle, 胚幼根 (Japanese), radícula del embrión (Spanish)
Comments: May eventually develop into the root system (PO:0025025) of an adult plant. Sometimes is abortive.
plant fiber cell [
PO:0025407; plant anatomy term ]
A sclerenchyma cell (PO:0000077) that is elongated and tapering.
More Synonyms: célula fibrosa vegetal (Spanish), fiber, fiber cell, plant fiber, 植物繊維細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: May or may not have lignin in the secondary cell wall (GO:0009531) or a living protoplast at maturity. It may be difficult to distinguish fiber cells from tracheary elements (PO:0000290). Compare with sclerid cells (PO:0025418), which are usually not elongated.
plant organ [
PO:0009008; plant anatomy term ]
A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path.
More Synonyms: órgano vegetal (Spanish), compound plant organ, organ, simple plant organ, 植物 器官 (Japanese)
Comments: Examples include stem (PO:0009047), leaf (PO:0025034), and root (PO:0009005). May include individual plant cells (PO:0009002) that are not part of a portion of plant tissue (e.g., idioblasts, PO:0000283). A plant organ may have one or more different plant organs as parts, such as a sporophyll (PO:0009026) that may have as part a sporangium (PO:0025094) or a carpel (PO:0009030) that may have as part a plant ovule (PO:0020003).
plant ovary [
PO:0009072; plant anatomy term ]
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is the basal portion of a carpel (PO:0009030) or group of fused carpels and encloses the plant ovule(s) (PO:0020003).
More Synonyms: ovario vegetal (Spanish), PO:0006456, PO:0006486, Poaceae ovary, Zea ovary, 子房 (Japanese)
Comments: If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352).
plant ovary ovule [
PO:0025490; plant anatomy term ]
A plant ovule (PO:0020006) that is part of a plant ovary (PO:0009072).
More Synonyms: óvulo del ovario (Spanish), 子房胚珠 (Japanese)
Comments: Found in angiosperms.
plant ovule [
PO:0020003; plant anatomy term ]
A plant organ (PO:0009008) that has as parts a nucellus (PO:0020020) in which a female gametophyte (PO:0025279) is located, one or two integuments (PO:0020021), and a funicle (PO:0020006).
More Synonyms: óvulo vegetal (Spanish), 胚珠 (Japanese), PO:0006457, PO:0006491, Poaceae ovule, Zea ovule
Comments: A seed (PO:0009010) develops from a plant ovule. In angiosperms, a plant ovule is part of a plant ovary (PO:0009072). In conifers, a plant ovule is part of an ovuliferous scale (add term). If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352).
plant protoplast [
PO:0000006; plant anatomy term ]
A cultured plant cell from which the entire plant cell wall has been removed.
More Synonyms: protoplast, protoplasto cultivado (Spanish), 植物プロトプラスト (Japanese)
Comments: The cell wall is generally removed using polysaccharide-degrading enzymes such as cellulase, pectinase and /or xylanase. The cultured plant cell may be in suspension culture or from callus culture on solid media.
plant resin [
PO:0025603; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that consists of a complex mixture of organic aromatic compounds such as mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenoids.
More Synonyms: oleoresin, pitch
Comments: Plant resins are often produced by Gymnosperms but not restricted to those plants. In the conifers, plant resins are constitutively and inducibly produced through the secretory activity of resin cells (PO:0025604), and can be exuded through a resin canal (PO:0005665) to a site of injury or predator attack.
plant sap [
PO:0025538; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is an aqueous solution that can be transported through the apoplast (GO:0048046) or symplast (GO:0055044).
More Synonyms: savia de la planta (Spanish), 植物液 (Japanese)
Comments: Plant sap should not be confused with latex, resins or plant cell cytoplasm.
plant sperm cell [
PO:0000084; plant anatomy term ]
A gamete (PO:0025006) produced by an antheridium (PO:0025125) or a microgametophyte (PO:0025280).
More Synonyms: célula espermática o esperma (Spanish), male gamete, microgamete, PO:0020098, sperm cell, sperm nucleus, 植物精子細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: The sperm cell is usually smaller than the egg cell. Male gametes may be defined as the motile gamete, rather than the smaller gamete. Plant sperm cells lack a cell wall.
plant spore [
PO:0025017; plant anatomy term ]
A whole plant (PO:0000003) that arises through meiosis and is contained in a spore wall.
More Synonyms: diaspore, espora (Spanish), spore, 植物胞子 (Japanese)
Comments: A spore is usually single-celled in homosporous plants but may be multicellular in heterosporous plants. May have a spore wall (GO:0031160) made of sporopollenin.
plant structure [
PO:0009011; plant anatomy term ]
An anatomical structure that is or was part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant.
More Synonyms: estructura vegetal (Spanish), 植物 構造 (Japanese)
Comments: 'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 anatomical structure is defined as: Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
plant zygote [
PO:0000423; plant anatomy term ]
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) which is a whole plant (PO:0000003) in the plant zygote stage (PO:0001097).
More Synonyms: cigoto (Spanish), zygote, 植物接合子、接合体 (Japanese)
Comments: A plant zygote is a whole plant that is a single cell formed by fertilization (syngamy).
plerome [
PO:0008035; plant anatomy term ]
A meristem forming the core of the axis composed of the primary vascular tissues and associated ground tissue, such as pith and interfascicular regions.
More Synonyms: pleroma (Spanish), 原中心柱 (Japanese)
Comments:
plumule [
PO:0020032; plant anatomy term ]
The shoot apex (PO:0000037) of the plant embryo (PO:0009009), above the cotyledonary node (PO:0025321).
More Synonyms: embryonic shoot, plúmula (Spanish), 幼芽 (Japanese)
Comments: Occurs in several embryo types.
pneumatophore [
PO:0025357; plant anatomy term ]
A lateral root that is erect and protrudes above the soil or water.
More Synonyms: breathing root, 通気根、呼吸根 (Japanese), knee root
Comments: Pneumatophores are found in trees that live in flooded habitats such as mangroves and often have many lenticels. May provide oxygen to below ground roots growing in flooded soils. Sometime prop roots (PO:0000044) may act as breathing roots. In that case, the annotation should go to PO:0000044, whereas this term should be used for breathing roots arising at or below the soil or water surface. Knee roots are a type of pneumatophore in which the lateral root first grows upward, then turns and grows back down into the substrate, forming a knee-like bend.
pneumatorhiza [
PO:0025358; plant anatomy term ]
A small lateral root that grows from a prop root and has a mealy surface texture.
More Synonyms: pneumatorhizae, 支持根から出る側根 (Japanese)
Comments: Found in some palms and other species growing in flooded habitats. Pneumatorhiza appear as small outgrowths on the surface of a prop root. Similar, but distinct from, pneumatophores.
pollen [
PO:0025281; plant anatomy term ]
A microgametophyte (PO:0025280) that develops from a microspore (PO:0020048) is located in a pollen sac (PO:0025277).
More Synonyms: 花粉 (Japanese), polen (Spanish), pollen grain
Comments:
pollen sac [
PO:0025277; plant anatomy term ]
A microsporangium that is part of a sporophyll and where the pollen grains develop and are located after they develop.
More Synonyms: anther lobe, 花粉のう (Japanese), PO:0006444, PO:0006476, Poaceae microsporangium, saco polínico (Spanish), Zea microsporangium
Comments: A pollen sac is a microsporangium in seed plants. In angiosperms, a single, unfused pollen sac may contain an anther locule or several pollen sacs may fuse so they contain a single anther locule. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
pollen sperm cell [
PO:0025121; plant anatomy term ]
A plant sperm cell (PO:0000084) that is part of the pollen (PO:0025281).
More Synonyms: célula espermática polínica (Spanish), 花粉精子細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: Pollen sperm cells are structurally simple, usually non-motile cells that may contain a normal complement of cellular organelles, including heritable cytoplasmic organelles such as mitochondria and, in some plants, plastids, but lack a cell wall. In seed plants, pollen sperm cells are usually two in number. In angiosperms, during double fertilization, one fuses with the plant egg cell (PO:0020094) to produce a plant zygote (PO:0000423) while another fuses with the two polar nuclei of the embryo sac central cell (PO:0020090) to give rise to endosperm (PO:0009089). In angiosperms, the pollen sperm cell arises from the generative cell (PO:0020097). In gymnosperms, the pollen sperm cell arises from the body cell (PO:0025525).
pollen tube cell [
PO:0025195; plant anatomy term ]
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that develops from a microgametophyte vegetative cell (PO:0020099) and forms a tubular extension of the pollen (PO:0025281).
More Synonyms: célula del tubo polínico (Spanish), 花粉管細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: Carries the male gametes (PO:0025006) into or near the plant ovule (PO:0020003). May be branched in gymnosperms. See GO for pollen tube (GO:0090406) or pollen tube tip (GO:0090404).
polyarch protoxylem [
PO:0025563; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of root exarch protoxylem (PO:0025555) tissue in which the primary xylem (PO:0005849) of the root system (PO:0025025) has more than five protoxylem strands or poles, and differentiation progresses centripetally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) farthest from the center of the plant axis (PO:0025004).
More Synonyms: protoxilema poliarco (Spanish), 多原型原生木部 (Japanese)
Comments:
portion of embryo plant tissue [
PO:0025233; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue that is part of a plant embryo.
More Synonyms: portion of embryo tissue, portion of embryonic plant tissue, tejido embriónico vegetal (Spanish), 植物胚性組織 の一部 (Japanese)
Comments: This class is for tissues that only occur as part of an embryo.
portion of ground tissue [
PO:0025059; plant anatomy term ]
Any portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) other than epidermis (PO:0005679) or vascular tissue (PO:0009015).
More Synonyms: fundamental tissue, porción del tejido fundamental (Spanish), 基本組織の一部 (Japanese)
Comments: Develops from the ground meristem (PO:0025594).
portion of meristem tissue [
PO:0009013; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth.
More Synonyms: meristem, meristema (Spanish), meristematic tissue, 分裂組織 (Japanese)
Comments:
portion of plant substance [
PO:0025161; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of organism substance that is or was part of a plant.
More Synonyms: porción de sustancia vegetal (Spanish), 植物を構成する物質の一部 (Japanese)
Comments: Refers to portion of organism substance (CARO:0000004) which is defined as: Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. For plants, the word "body" refers to a whole plant or part thereof. Can include substances like latex, xylem sap, phloem sap, resin, mucilage, oil, cuticle, cutin, sporopollenin.
portion of plant tissue [
PO:0009007; plant anatomy term ]
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types.
More Synonyms: plant tissue, porción de un tejido vegetal (Spanish), portion of tissue, tissue, 植物組織の一部 (Japanese)
Comments: A portion of plant tissue may contain one or several types of cells that are organized in a specific spatial arrangement into a structural unit (which includes a mass of callus) and may include an intercellular matrix. May include other types of isolated cells, such as idioblasts.
portion of secretory tissue [
PO:0005656; plant anatomy term ]
Tissues that form specialized structures producing a secretion.
More Synonyms: gland, porción del tejido secretor (Spanish), 分泌組織の一部 (Japanese)
Comments: The synonym gland does not imply non-secretory 'glands'.
portion of transfusion tissue [
PO:0006084; plant anatomy term ]
Tissue consisting of tracheids and parenchyma cells, associated with the vascular bundle.
More Synonyms: 移入組織の一部 (Japanese), porción del tejido de transfusión (Spanish)
Comments: Found generally in gymnosperm leaves.
portion of transmitting tissue [
PO:0020102; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of ground tissue in the style of a carpel through which a pollen tube grows; it connects a stigma and the inside of an ovary.
More Synonyms: PO:0006499, Poaceae transmitting tissue, porción del tejido de transmisión (Spanish), transmitting tract, 伝達組織の一部 (Japanese)
Comments: If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352).
portion of vascular tissue [
PO:0009015; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that has as part one or more tracheary elements (PO:0000290) or sieve elements (PO:0025406).
More Synonyms: 維管束細胞の一部 (Japanese), porción de tejido vascular (Spanish), vascular system, vascular tissue
Comments: Functions in conduction and support. In shoot axes (PO:0025029), vascular tissue is often found as part of a shoot axis stele (PO:0025198) or as scattered vascular bundles (PO:0005020). May include other types of tissues or cells, such as parenchyma (PO:0005421) or fiber cells (PO:0025407).
prickle [
PO:0025169; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of epidermis that is a sclerified outgrowth.
More Synonyms: いが、刺状突起 (Japanese), barb, barbel, barbella, barbellae, barbellula, barbellulae, barbellule, espinilla (Spanish)
Comments: Often found on stems and leaves.
primary endosperm cell [
PO:0000038; plant anatomy term ]
Cell produced by the fusion of sperm cell nucleus and two polar nuclei of the central cell (or diploid secondary endosperm nucleus, in cases where two polar nuclei fuse together before double fertilization). The first cell of the endosperm, often triploid.
More Synonyms: célula primaria del endosperma (Spanish), 一次胚乳細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
primary inflorescence branch [
PO:0006321; plant anatomy term ]
An inflorescence branch (PO:0009081) arising from a first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104).
More Synonyms: 第一(主)花序分枝 (Japanese), first order paraclade, rama de la inflorescencia principal (Spanish), second order inflorescence axis
Comments:
primary infructescence branch [
PO:0025112; plant anatomy term ]
An infructescence branch (PO:0025243) arising from a first order infructescence axis (PO:0025244).
More Synonyms: 第一果序分枝 (Japanese), ramificacion primaria de la infructescencia (Spanish), second order infructescence axis
Comments:
primary leaf vein [
PO:0025413; plant anatomy term ]
A leaf lamina vein (PO:0020138) that connects directly to a petiole vascular system (PO:0000052) or a shoot axis vascular system (PO:0000039).
More Synonyms: vena primaria de la hoja (Spanish), 一次葉脈 (Japanese)
Comments: Generally the largest and most prominent of the leaf veins. A leaf may have more than one primary vein. The central primary vein is the midvein (PO:0020139). Vein orders only apply to hierarchically branching vein patterns, not to dichotomously branching vein patterns, as found in some ferns and gymnosperms.
primary parietal cell [
PO:0006010; plant anatomy term ]
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) which is formed by the division of a male archesporial cell (PO:0006014), and is part of the anther wall primary parietal cell layer (PO:0006006).
More Synonyms: célula primaria parietal (Spanish), 一次側膜細胞、壁細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
primary phloem [
PO:0006075; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of phloem (PO:0005417) tissue that develops from the procambium (PO:0025275).
More Synonyms: floema primario (Spanish), portion of primary phloem tissue, 一次師部 (Japanese)
Comments: In stem or root it is differentiated behind the apical meristem. Primary phloem develops as part of primary growth (GO term for primary growth has been requested).
primary phloem sieve cell [
PO:0025454; plant anatomy term ]
A sieve cell (PO:0025415) that is part of a portion of primary phloem (PO:0006075).
More Synonyms: célula cribosa del floema primario (Spanish), 一次師部 師(篩)細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
primary phloem sieve element [
PO:0025452; plant anatomy term ]
A sieve element (PO:0025406) that is part of a portion of primary phloem (PO:0006075).
More Synonyms: elemento criboso del floema primario (Spanish), 一次師部 師(篩)要素 (Japanese)
Comments:
primary phloem sieve tube element [
PO:0025455; plant anatomy term ]
A sieve tube element (PO:0000289) that is part of a portion of primary phloem (PO:0006075).
More Synonyms: elemento de tubo criboso del floema primario (Spanish), primary phloem sieve tube member, primary phloem sieve-tube element, 一次師部 師(篩)管 (Japanese)
Comments:
primary root [
PO:0020127; plant anatomy term ]
A root (PO:0009005) that develops directly from an seedling radicle (PO:0020127).
More Synonyms: PO:0020089, raíz primaria (Spanish), tap root, 一次根 (Japanese)
Comments: The first root of a plant. In dicots and gymnosperms it becomes the tap root, the central axis of a root system (PO:0025025).
primary root apical meristem [
PO:0006081; plant anatomy term ]
A root apical meristem (PO:0020147) that gives rise to a primary root (PO:0020127).
More Synonyms: apical meristem of primary root, embryonic root meristem, meristema apical de la raíz primaria (Spanish), 一次根頂端分裂組織 (Japanese)
Comments:
primary root differentiation zone [
PO:0003015; plant anatomy term ]
A root differentiation zone that is part of a primary root.
More Synonyms: zona de diferenciación de la raíz primary (Spanish), 一次根分化帯(層) (Japanese)
Comments:
primary root elongation zone [
PO:0025257; plant anatomy term ]
A root elongation zone that is part of a primary root tip.
More Synonyms: zona de elongación de la raíz primaria (Spanish), 一次根伸長帯(層) (Japanese)
Comments:
primary root tip [
PO:0000026; plant anatomy term ]
The portion of the primary root including the meristem and root cap.
More Synonyms: punta de la raíz primaria (Spanish), 一次根端 (Japanese)
Comments:
primary shoot system [
PO:0006341; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot system (PO:0009006) that develops from an embryo shoot apical meristem (PO:0006362).
More Synonyms: main stalk, sistema axilar primario (Spanish), 一次分げつ系 (Japanese)
Comments:
primary sporogenous cell [
PO:0006088; plant anatomy term ]
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) is formed by the division of the male archesporial initial. After several mitotic divisions these cells differentiate into pollen mother cells.
More Synonyms: célula esporógena primaria (Spanish), 一次胞子形成細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
primary thickening meristem [
PO:0005039; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot lateral meristem (PO:0006344) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) and has a parts multiple layers of meristematic cells (PO:0004010) located near the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148).
More Synonyms: collar meristem, meristema de engrosamiento primario (Spanish), meristematic cap, PTM, 一次 肥厚(膜)分裂組織 (Japanese)
Comments: Contributes to primary thickening of a shoot axis (PO:0025029), adventitious (shoot-borne) root (PO:0000042) formation, and formation of linkages between shot axis (PO:0000039), leaf (PO:0000036), and root (PO:0003011) vascular systems. Contiguous with the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) in some species, but not all. Produces more or less distinct vascular bundles (PO:0005020) surrounded by ground tissue (PO:0025059), as opposed to the more or less continuous xylem (PO:0005352) and phloem (PO:0005417) produced by a vascular cambium (PO:0005598). A primary thickening meristem is a multi-layered structure, compared to the single layer of a cambium. Found in many monocotyledons.
primary vascular tissue [
PO:0025408; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015) that develops from a procambium (PO:0025275).
More Synonyms: tejido vascular primario (Spanish), 一次維管組織 (Japanese)
Comments: Forms as part of primary growth (GO term for primary growth has been requested).
primary xylem [
PO:0005849; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of xylem (PO:0005352) tissue that develops from the procambium (PO:0025275).
More Synonyms: portion of primary xylem tissue, xilema primario (Spanish), 一次木部 (Japanese)
Comments: Primary xylem develops as part of primary growth (request for primary growth has been made to GO) and is not differentiated into axial (PO:0025410) and ray (PO:0025411) systems. Tracheary elements (PO:0000290) have lignified cell walls with secondary thickening and are dead at maturity.
primary xylem tracheary element [
PO:0025444; plant anatomy term ]
A tracheary element (PO:0000290) that is part of a primary xylem tissue (PO:0005849).
More Synonyms: elemento de tráquea del xilema primario (Spanish), 一次木質部導管要素 (Japanese)
Comments:
primary xylem tracheid [
PO:0025446; plant anatomy term ]
A tracheid (PO:0000301) that is part of a xylem tissue (PO:0005849).
More Synonyms: traqueida del xilema primario (Spanish), 一次木質部仮導管 (Japanese)
Comments:
primary xylem vessel [
PO:0025450; plant anatomy term ]
A xylem vessel (PO:0025417) that is part of a primary xylem tissue (PO:0005849).
More Synonyms: vaso del xilema primario (Spanish), 一次木質部導管 (Japanese)
Comments:
primary xylem vessel member [
PO:0025448; plant anatomy term ]
A xylem vessel member (PO:0002003) that is part of a primary xylem tissue (PO:0005849).
More Synonyms: elemento vaso del xilema primario (Spanish), 一次木質部導管状要素 (Japanese)
Comments:
primordium [
PO:0025127; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011).
More Synonyms: portion of primordial tissue, portion of primordium tissue, primordia, primordio (Spanish), 原基(可視的) (Japanese)
Comments: A primordium appears as a protrusion and is the first distinct form of a plant organ (PO:0009008), cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), or collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007). The transition from a primordium to the plant structure it develops into is marked by the development of non-meristematic cells, although meristematic cells may be present after the transition.
procambial cell [
PO:0025258; plant anatomy term ]
A meristematic cell (PO:0004010) that is part of a portion of procambium (PO:0025275).
More Synonyms: célula del procambio (Spanish), procambium cell, 前形成層細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
procambium [
PO:0025275; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that undergoes differentiation to form the primary vascular tissue (PO:0025408).
More Synonyms: procambio (Spanish), 前形成層 (Japanese)
Comments: May occur in an apical meristem or in a developing phyllome. Gives rise to the primary xylem and primary phloem. This term replaces PO:0006074.
procumbent ray secondary xylem parenchyma cell [
PO:0004529; plant anatomy term ]
A ray secondary xylem parenchyma cell (PO:0004527) that is oriented with its longest dimension radial to the plant axis (PO:0025004) in which it is found.
More Synonyms: célula procumbente del rayo de la madera (Spanish), procumbent cell, procumbent ray wood parenchyma cell, 平伏放射二次木部柔組織細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
prop root [
PO:0000044; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot-borne nodal root (PO:0003005) formed at a stem node above the ground, and growing directly into the soil.
More Synonyms: brace root, breathing root, raíz de sostén (Spanish), 支柱根、支持根、支柱気根 (Japanese)
Comments: This term is perhaps best defined functionally to prop the plant up.
prophyll [
PO:0009042; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome that is the first organ or one of the first two organs formed at the base of an axillary shoot, often smaller and/or in a distinctively different position from leaves formed subsequently.
More Synonyms: profilo (Spanish), prophylla, prophylls, prophyllum, 前葉、前出葉 (Japanese)
Comments: A prophyll is not classified as a vascular leaf, because it may not have a fully developed vascular system.
prophyll margin [
PO:0025013; plant anatomy term ]
The margin of a prophyll.
More Synonyms: margen del profilo (Spanish), 前葉縁、前出葉縁 (Japanese)
Comments:
prophyll tendril [
PO:0025367; plant anatomy term ]
A prophyll that is slender and coiling and lacks a lamina.
More Synonyms: profilo en zarzillo (Spanish), tendril, 前葉巻きひげ、前出葉巻きひげ (Japanese)
Comments: Aids plant in climbing. A prophyll may be difficult to distinguish from a branch tendril, because it may be found in the axil of a leaf, but it develops from a prophyll of the axillary bud, rather than a branch. Found in Curburitaceae. See also leaf tendril (PO:0025361), leaflet tendril (PO:0025362), leaf apex tendril (PO:0025363), branch tendril (PO:0025364), stem apex tendril (PO:0025365), and leaf rachis tendril (PO:0025366). Careful observation is required to correctly classify some tendrils.
protective layer [
PO:0006212; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) composed of a layer of cells that is part of the abscission zone (PO:0000146) that have lignin and suberin depositions and are found on the axial side of the break or exposed surface of abscission.
More Synonyms: capa protectora (Spanish), 保護層 (Japanese)
Comments:
proteoid root [
PO:0000067; plant anatomy term ]
A root (PO:0009005) that forms one or more clusters of closely spaced lateral roots (PO:0020121) of limited growth along its length.
More Synonyms: cluster root, root cluster
Comments: The terms proteoid root, cluster root, and root cluster have all been used in the literature to describe either the proteoid root axis or clusters of rootlets, and caution should be taken when comparing studies because the definitions of these terms vary (Watts and Evans, 1999; Plant Physiology).
prothallial cell [
PO:0025533; plant anatomy term ]
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) which is vegetative and develops from the division of the microspore (PO:0020048) of vascular plants other than angiosperms.
More Synonyms:
Comments: The prothallial cell (PO:0025533) is part of the microgametophyte (PO:0025280) and is believed to be the remnant of the vegetative tissue of the male gametophyte.
protoderm [
PO:0006210; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679).
More Synonyms: dermatogen cell, portion of protoderm tissue, protodermis (Spanish), 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese)
Comments: A protoderm may or may not arise from independent initial cells (PO:0004011). Some researchers also refer to it as an epidermis in a meristematic state.
protonema [
PO:0030003; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of chlorenchyma tissue that develops directly from a spore and grows by division of an apical cell to form filaments that are one cell wide and dichotomously branching.
More Synonyms: portion of protonema tissue, protonema (Spanish), protonemata, 原糸体 (Japanese)
Comments: The protonema is the first structure that develops in the gametophytic phase of mosses, some other bryophytes, and leptosporangiate ferns. The term protonema is also used to refer to the phase of development in which protonemal tissue is produced (see PO:0030006 protonema phase). In some species of moss, the protonema is perennial. A protonema may develop from sporophytic tissue during apospory.
protonema meristematic apical cell [
PO:0030046; plant anatomy term ]
A gametophyte meristematic apical cell that is part of a protonema.
More Synonyms: célula meristemática apical del protonema (Spanish), protonema apical cell, protonema apical initial, 原糸体、糸状体の分裂組織の頂端細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
protonema side branch initial cell [
PO:0030067; plant anatomy term ]
An protonema sub-apical initial that gives rise to a branch of a protonema.
More Synonyms: protonema side branch initial, protonemal side branch initial cell, rama lateral inicial del protonema (Spanish), 原糸体側枝始原細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: May give rise to a chloronema, caulonema, protonema rhizoid, tmema cell, or brachycyte.
protonema sub-apical initial cell [
PO:0030086; plant anatomy term ]
An initial cell that is produced by longitudinal division of a sub-apical cell of a protonema.
More Synonyms: célula subapical inicial del protonema (Spanish), protonema sub-apical initial, protonemal sub-apical initial cell, 原糸体次頂端始原細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: May give rise to a branch of the protonema (including a protonema rhizoid, tmema cell or brachycyte), a gametophore bud, or may not divide further.
protonemal rhizoid [
PO:0030079; plant anatomy term ]
A rhizoid that is part of a protonema and develops from a protonemal side branch rhizoid initial.
More Synonyms: rizoide protonémico (Spanish), 原糸体仮根 (Japanese)
Comments:
protonemal side branch rhizoid initial cell [
PO:0030077; plant anatomy term ]
A protonema side branch initial that gives rise to a protonemal rhizoid.
More Synonyms: protonema side branch rhizoid initial, protonemal side branch rhizoid initial, rama lateral inicial del rizoide protonémico (Spanish), 原糸体側枝仮根始原細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
protophloem [
PO:0006077; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of primary phloem (PO:0006075) tissue has as parts the first-formed sieve elements (PO:0025406) at a particular location and does not have companion cells (PO:0000071, in angiosperms) or albuminous cells (PO:0025412, in gymnosperms) associated with the sieve elements.
More Synonyms: portion of protophloem tissue, protofloema (Spanish), 原生師部 (Japanese)
Comments: Protophloem is the first primary phloem to develop in any particular location in a portion of vascular tissue (PO:0009015). Sieve elements in the protophloem are smaller than in the metaphloem (PO:0006076). The protophloem usually only lasts a short time before it is replaced by metaphloem.
protosporangium endothecium [
PO:0030085; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of ground tissue that is the tissue internal to an amphithecium early in sporangium development.
More Synonyms: endotecio del protoesporangio (Spanish), endothecium of protosporangium, 原生胞子嚢内皮 (Japanese)
Comments: Term used for bryophytes. In liverworts an early sporangium endothecium produces sporogenous tissue. In Sphagnum, Andreaea, and hornworts, it produces columella and sporogenous tissue.
protoxylem [
PO:0000272; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of primary xylem (PO:0000272) tissue that has as part one or more protoxylem tracheary elements (PO:0025575) embedded in parenchyma (PO:0005421) tissue.
More Synonyms: portion of protoxylem tissue, protoxilema (Spanish), 原生木(質)部 (Japanese)
Comments: Develops while the vascular tissue (PO:0009015) is still elongating. When protoxylem tracheary elements (PO:0025575) are destroyed they may become obliterated by surrounding parenchyma cells (PO:0000074). Protoxylem has smaller elements than the metaxylem (PO:0000372).
protoxylem tracheary element [
PO:0025575; plant anatomy term ]
A primary xylem tracheary element (PO:0025444) with predominately annular or helical secondary wall thickening that are the first formed tracheary elements (PO:0000290) at a particular location.
More Synonyms: elemento de traqueida del protoxilema (Spanish), 原生木部仮導管要素 (Japanese)
Comments: In a given portion of primary xylem (PO:0005849), protoxylem tracheary elements are generally smaller in size, fewer in number, un-pitted and have less secondary wall material than metaxylem tracheary elements (PO:0025576).
pseudopodium [
PO:0030055; plant anatomy term ]
A gametophore axis that is a leafless extension of a gametophore stem or branch on which a sporophyte is borne.
More Synonyms: pseudopodia, pseudopodio (Spanish), 擬子柄 (Japanese)
Comments: Raises the sporophyte above the perichaetial bracts. Found in Sphagnum and Andreaea.
pseudostem [
PO:0025248; plant anatomy term ]
A collective organ part structure that forms a cylindrical false stem composed concentric leaf sheaths.
More Synonyms: pseudotallo (Spanish), 偽茎 (Japanese)
Comments: The peduncle later grows up through the psuedostem. Common in Musa species and some other monocots.
pulvinus [
PO:0009000; plant anatomy term ]
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) at the apex or base of a petiole, petiolule, leaf sheath, or branch that is differentiated from the remaining organ parts by its enlarged cross section.
More Synonyms: 葉枕 (Japanese), pulvínulo (Spanish), pulvini
Comments: Often glandular. Often involved in movement of a plant structure in response to touch, gravity or light. In panicoid grasses a swollen region in the stem above the intercalary meristem. Such a definition would also include stems of Chloranthaceae, Acanthaceae, Carpels, Amaranthaceae, etc. [source: APweb:Glossary].