ear apical meristem [
PO:0006375; plant anatomy term ]
An inflorescence apical meristem that gives rise to the maize ear.
More Synonyms: 雌穂頂分裂組織 (Japanese), meristema apical de la espiga (Spanish)
Comments:
ear floret [
PO:0006354; plant anatomy term ]
A small, pistillate flower (PO:0025599) that is part of a ear spikelet (PO:0006320).
More Synonyms: 雌穂小花 (Japanese), florete de la espiga (Spanish)
Comments: The ear floret (PO:0006354) initiates both carpels (PO:0009030) and stamens (PO:0009029), but all stamens abort during development. Found in Zea spp.
ear inflorescence [
PO:0020136; plant anatomy term ]
A pistillate inflorescence (PO:0025598) in Zea species that is highly compacted and bears the ear spikelets (PO:0006320) on a lateral inflorescence axis (PO:0020122).
More Synonyms: cob, ear, 雌穂(花) (Japanese), oreja de la inflorescencia (Spanish)
Comments:
ear inflorescence branch meristem [
PO:0009110; plant anatomy term ]
An inflorescence branch meristem (PO:0009105) that gives rise to a branch of an ear inflorescence (PO:0020136).
More Synonyms: 雌穂側分裂組織 (Japanese), meristema de la espiga lateral (Spanish)
Comments:
ear infructescence [
PO:0025597; plant anatomy term ]
An infructescence (PO:0006342) in Zea species that bears kernels (i.e. fruit; PO:0009001) on a compact infructescence axis (PO:0025242) and develops from the ear inflorescence (PO:0020136).
More Synonyms:
Comments:
ear meristem [
PO:0009109; plant anatomy term ]
The meristem which gives rise to the female inflorescence or ear in maize.
More Synonyms: 雌穂分裂組織 (Japanese), meristema de la espiga (Spanish)
Comments:
ear pedicellate spikelet [
PO:0006348; plant anatomy term ]
Ultimate pedicellate inflorescence branch of the maize ear that develops from the spikelet pair meristem.
More Synonyms: espiga pedicelada de la espiguilla (Spanish), 雌穂(花)の有柄小穂 (Japanese)
Comments:
ear peduncle [
PO:0006418; plant anatomy term ]
A peduncle of a maize ear, below the lowest ear node.
More Synonyms: 雌穂花柄 (Japanese), pedúnculo de la espiga (Spanish), shank, Zea lateral branch
Comments:
ear sessile spikelet [
PO:0006349; plant anatomy term ]
Ultimate sessile inflorescence branch of the maize ear that develops from the spikelet pair meristem.
More Synonyms: espiga sésil de la espiguilla (Spanish), 雌穂の無柄小穂 (Japanese)
Comments:
ear spikelet [
PO:0006320; plant anatomy term ]
A spikelet (PO:0009051) that is part of the ear inflorescence (PO:0020136) and bears a single ear floret (PO:0006354) at maturity.
More Synonyms: 雌穂(花)小穂 (Japanese), oreja de la espiguilla (Spanish)
Comments: The ear spikelet forms with two ear florets (PO:0006354), but the lower one aborts during development.
ear spikelet meristem [
PO:0006378; plant anatomy term ]
Apical meristem that gives rise to the upper and lower florets of the maize ear spikelet.
More Synonyms: 雌穂(花)小穂分裂組織 (Japanese), meristema de la espiga de la espiguilla (Spanish)
Comments:
ear spikelet pair meristem [
PO:0006360; plant anatomy term ]
An ear inflorescence branch meristem (PO:0009110) that produces two ear spikelet meristems (PO:0006378), each of which produces two flower meristems (PO:0000229) in an ear inflorescence (PO:0020136).
More Synonyms: 雌穂(花)小穂対分裂組織 (Japanese), par de meristemas de la espiga de la espiguilla (Spanish)
Comments:
ear spikelet rachilla [
PO:0006380; plant anatomy term ]
The axis of the ear spikelet, above the glumes.
More Synonyms: 雌穂(花)小穂小軸 (Japanese), raquilla de la espiga de la espiguilla (Spanish)
Comments:
early wood [
PO:0004515; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of secondary xylem (PO:0005848) that is a part of a growth ring (PO:0004514) formed during the early part of a growing season, has lower density than late wood (PO:0004516) of the same growth ring, and has as parts early wood tracheary elements (PO:0025461) with generally larger lumens than the late wood tracheary elements (PO:0025462) of the same growth ring.
More Synonyms: earlywood, madera temprana (Spanish), spring wood, 早材 (Japanese)
Comments: The transition from early wood to late wood may be gradual and is not always easy to distinguish.
early wood tracheary element [
PO:0025461; plant anatomy term ]
A tracheary element that is part of a portion of early wood (PO:0004515).
More Synonyms: earlywood tracheary element, 早材管状要素 (Japanese)
Comments: Early wood tracheary elements generally have larger cell lumens than late wood tracheary elements (PO:0025462) of the same growth ring (PO:0004514).
egg apparatus [
PO:0020096; plant anatomy term ]
A cardinal organ part that has as parts an egg cell and two synergids and is located at the micropylar end of the embryo sac.
More Synonyms: aparato de la oocélula (Spanish), 卵装置 (Japanese)
Comments: Found in angiosperms.
eighth order inflorescence branch [
PO:0025110; plant anatomy term ]
An inflorescence branch (PO:0009081) arising from an seventh order inflorescence branch (PO:0025109).
More Synonyms: 第八花序分枝 (Japanese), ninth order inflorescence axis, rama de octavo orden de la inflorescencia (Spanish)
Comments:
eighth order infructescence branch [
PO:0025254; plant anatomy term ]
An infructescence branch (PO:0025243) arising from a seventh order infructescence branch (PO:0025253).
More Synonyms: 第八果序分枝 (Japanese), ramificacion de octava orden de la infructescencia (Spanish)
Comments:
elaiosome [
PO:0020062; plant anatomy term ]
A cardinal organ part that is an oil-secreting outgrowth of a seed or fruit.
More Synonyms: elaiosoma (Spanish), 油脂体 (Japanese)
Comments: May be a modified arilloid (a type of strophiole or caruncle) or may be an outgrowth of a fruit. May be attractive to ants and aid in dispersal.
embryo apical cell [
PO:0025284; plant anatomy term ]
A sporophyte meristematic apical cell that is part of a plant embryo and is the uppermost cell formed after the first division of a zygote.
More Synonyms: célula apical del embrión (Spanish), embryonic meristematic apical cell, 胚頂端細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: The zygote divides to form an embryo apical cell and an embryo basal cell.
embryo basal cell [
PO:0002002; plant anatomy term ]
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is the lower-most cell formed after the first division of the plant zygote (PO:0000423) and is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
More Synonyms: célula basal (Spanish), embryonic basal cell, 胚基底細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: The zygote divides to form an embryo apical cell and an embryo basal cell.
embryo coleorhiza [
PO:0025288; plant anatomy term ]
A coleorhiza (PO:0020034) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
More Synonyms: coleorriza del embrión (Spanish), embryonic coleorhiza, 胚根鞘 (Japanese)
Comments:
embryo cortex [
PO:0005014; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of cortex (PO:0005708) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
More Synonyms: cortex (corteza) del emrbion (Spanish), 胚皮層 (Japanese)
Comments: Can occur in the hypocotyl and root.
embryo endodermis [
PO:0005015; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of endodermis (PO:0000252) that is part of an plant embryo (PO:0009009).
More Synonyms: endodermis del embrión (Spanish), 胚内胚葉 (Japanese)
Comments:
embryo epicotyl [
PO:0025292; plant anatomy term ]
An epicotyl (PO:0020035) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
More Synonyms: embryonic epicotyl, epicótile del embrión (Spanish), 胚上胚軸 (Japanese)
Comments:
embryo hypocotyl [
PO:0025290; plant anatomy term ]
A hypocotyl (PO:0020100) that is part of a plant embryo axis (PO:0019018).
More Synonyms: embryonic hypocotyl, 胚下胚軸 (Japanese), hipocótile del embrión (Spanish)
Comments:
embryo hypocotyl-root junction [
PO:0025300; plant anatomy term ]
A hypocotyl-root junction (PO:0004724) that is part of an plant embryo axis (PO:0019018).
More Synonyms: conjunción del hipocótile-raíz en el embrión (Spanish), embryonic hypocotyl-root junction, 胚下胚軸-根合流点 (Japanese)
Comments:
embryo hypophysis [
PO:0020109; plant anatomy term ]
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is the uppermost cell of a suspensor (PO:0020108) and from which part of the root (PO:0009005) and root cap (PO:0020123) in a plant embryo (PO:0009009) of angiosperms are derived.
More Synonyms: embryonic hypophysis, 胚原根層 (Japanese), hipófisis (Spanish)
Comments:
embryo leaf [
PO:0006338; plant anatomy term ]
A vascular leaf that is part of a plant embryo and is one of the first few leaves to develop from the embryonic shoot apical meristem.
More Synonyms: embryonic leaf, hoja embriónica (Spanish), 初期の葉、胚葉 (Japanese)
Comments: This term is used to described not yet fully-developed leaves that are part of an embryo.
embryo mesocotyl [
PO:0025294; plant anatomy term ]
A mesocotyl (PO:0020037) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
More Synonyms: embryonic mesocotyl, 胚中茎、胚中胚軸 (Japanese), mesocótile del embrión (Spanish)
Comments:
embryo plant cell [
PO:0025028; plant anatomy term ]
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of a plant embryo (PO:0009009).
More Synonyms: célula embriónica vegetal (Spanish), embryo cell, embryonic cell, embryonic plant cell, 胚性植物細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
embryo plant structure [
PO:0025099; plant anatomy term ]
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is part of an plant embryo (PO:0009009).
More Synonyms: embryonic plant structure, estructura vegetal embriónica (Spanish), 胚性植物構造 (Japanese)
Comments: Includes plant structures that only occur in embryos (such as suspensor) as well as plant structures that are part of an embryo when a plant is in the embryonic phase (such as embryonic radicle).
embryo root [
PO:0000045; plant anatomy term ]
A root (PO:0009005) that is initiated in a developing plant embryo (PO:0009009).
More Synonyms: embryonic root, raíz embriónica (Spanish), 初期の根、胚根 (Japanese)
Comments:
embryo sac [
PO:0025074; plant anatomy term ]
A megagametophyte (PO:0025279) that is located in a plant ovary ovule (PO:0025490).
More Synonyms: 胚嚢 (Japanese), saco embrionario (Spanish)
Comments: Produces an embryo sac egg cell (PO:0025123).
embryo sac cell [
PO:0025026; plant anatomy term ]
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of an embryo sac (PO:0025074).
More Synonyms: célula megagametofítica (Spanish), embryo sac cell, 胚嚢細胞 (Japanese), megagametophytic cell
Comments:
embryo sac central cell [
PO:0020090; plant anatomy term ]
An embryo sac cell (PO:0025026) that is largest cell in a mature embryo sac (PO:0025074).
More Synonyms: célula central (Spanish), 中央細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: In most angiosperms, the embryo sac central cell contains two polar nuclei, and, after double fertilization, develops into an endosperm. In some angiosperms, such as Illicium, the embryo sac central cell contains a single polar nucleus. Embryo sac central cell is distinct from archegonium central cell (PO:0025509).
embryo sac egg cell [
PO:0025123; plant anatomy term ]
A plant egg cell (PO:0020094) that is part of an egg apparatus (PO:0020096).
More Synonyms: 胚嚢卵細胞 (Japanese), oocélula del saco embrionario (Spanish)
Comments: The egg apparatus is part of an embryo sac (PO:0025074).
embryo shoot apical meristem [
PO:0006362; plant anatomy term ]
A vegetative shoot apical meristem at the apex of the embryonic axis.
More Synonyms: embryonic shoot apical meristem, 胚性シュート頂端分裂組織 (Japanese), meristema embriónico apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish)
Comments:
embryo vascular system [
PO:0008011; plant anatomy term ]
Vascular system of embryo.
More Synonyms: 胚維管系 (Japanese), sistema vascular del embrión (Spanish)
Comments:
embryogenic callus [
PO:0006091; plant anatomy term ]
A cultured plant callus (PO:0000009) that is capable of forming somatic embryos.
More Synonyms: callo embriogénico (Spanish), 胚状カルス (Japanese)
Comments: Somatic embryos may be formed after the cultured plant callus is treated with plant growth regulators.
endarch protoxylem [
PO:0025557; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of protoxylem (PO:0000272) tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem (PO:0005849) of the shoot system (PO:0009006) progresses centrifugally, with the oldest elements (protoxylem) towards the center of the plant axis (PO:0025004).
More Synonyms: protoxilema endarch (Spanish), 内原型原生木部 (Japanese)
Comments: Endarch protoxylem is typically found in stems of seed plants, and also in leaves in which the protoxylem is on the adaxial side.
endocarp [
PO:0009086; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the innermost differentiated layer of a pericarp (PO:0009084).
More Synonyms: citrus flesh, citrus pulp, endocarpo (Spanish), inner epidermis of pericarp, PO:0006047, portion of endocarp tissue, 内果皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
endodermal passage cell [
PO:0006208; plant anatomy term ]
Cell in the endodermal layer of the root with cell wall that remains non-thickened.
More Synonyms: célula de pasaje endodérmica (Spanish), 内胚葉通過細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
endodermis [
PO:0000252; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) that is the inner most layer of a cortex (PO:0005708) and has a casparian strip in its anticlinal cell walls.
More Synonyms: endodermis (Spanish), endodermoid, PO:0006064, portion of endodermal tissue, portion of epidermis tissue, 内皮 (Japanese)
Comments: Forms a sheath around the vascular system. It may have secondary walls later, part_of cortex.
endosperm [
PO:0009089; plant anatomy term ]
A maximal portion of nutritive plant tissue in a seed.
More Synonyms: albumen, endosperma (Spanish), 内胚乳、胚乳 (Japanese)
Comments: In angiosperms endosperm is usually triploid and formed after fertilization by the fusion of one gamete with the polar nucleus; sometimes diploid or polyploid.
endosperm parenchyma [
PO:0005415; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of seed storage parenchyma that is part of an endosperm.
More Synonyms: parénquima endospérmico (Spanish), 内胚乳、胚乳柔組織 (Japanese)
Comments: Often devoid of intercellular spaces.
endotegmen [
PO:0006219; plant anatomy term ]
That part of the seed coat that develops from the inner epidermis of the inner integument.
More Synonyms: tegmen interior (Spanish), 内珠皮の内側の表皮から発生する内種皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
endotesta [
PO:0006051; plant anatomy term ]
That part of the seed coat that develops from the inner epidermis of the outer integument.
More Synonyms: endotesta/testa interior (Spanish), portion of endotesta tissue, seed coat inner epidermis, 外珠皮の内側の表皮から発生する外種皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
endothelium [
PO:0020024; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue composed of cells of the inner epidermis of the inner (or only) integument of the ovule that are radially elongated and metabolically very active.
More Synonyms: endotelio (Spanish), portion of endothelium, 内皮(?) endothecium? (Japanese)
Comments:
ensiform vascular leaf [
PO:0025333; plant anatomy term ]
A unifacial leaf that is flat in cross section due to a lamina that develops in a median plane (perpendicular to the axis), rather a transverse plane (tangent to the axis) throughout all of part of the length of the leaf.
More Synonyms: 維管束系剣状葉 (Japanese), ensiform leaf, hoja ensiforme, hoja ensiforme EXACT Spanish [POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo] (Spanish)
Comments: Common in many monocots and some dicots. Note that ensiform leaves have two sides, but both sides arise from the same surface of the leaf meristem (abaxial or adaxial). In some leaves, the petiole may twist, giving the appearance that the lamina is ensiform, but it is not.
epiblast [
PO:0020036; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue that is a flap-like projection of the coleorhiza, inserted opposite the scutellum.
More Synonyms: epiblasto (Spanish), 外胚葉 (Japanese)
Comments: The parenchyma cells of both the coleorhiza and epiblast may function in storage. Some researchers consider the epiblast and coleorhiza independent structures that differentiate from the same proembryonic tissue.
epicalyx [
PO:0009063; plant anatomy term ]
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed of two or more phyllomes immediately outside the calyx (PO:0009060).
More Synonyms: がく状総苞 (Japanese), calyculi, calyculus, epicálix (Spanish), epicalyces
Comments:
epicalyx bract [
PO:0025577; plant anatomy term ]
A flower bract (PO:0009034) that is part of the epicalyx (PO:0009063).
More Synonyms: がく状総苞 苞葉 (Japanese), bractea del epicalix (Spanish)
Comments:
epicormic shoot system [
PO:0004546; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot-borne shoot system (PO:0004546) developing from a stem (PO:0009047).
More Synonyms: stem sucker, tallo epicórmico (Spanish), 後生枝 (Japanese)
Comments:
epicotyl [
PO:0020035; plant anatomy term ]
The first stem internode (PO:0020142) above the cotyledonary node (PO:0025321) of a plant embryo (PO:0009009) or a seedling (PO:0000003).
More Synonyms: epicótile (Spanish), 上胚軸 (Japanese)
Comments:
epicuticular wax [
PO:0025388; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of cuticular wax (PO:0025386) that forms crystalloids or a smooth film on the exterior of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022).
More Synonyms: エピクチクラワックス (Japanese), cera epicuticular (Spanish)
Comments: Epicuticular waxes may take a variety of forms, such as plates, ribbons, tubes, and rods.
epidermal cell [
PO:0004013; plant anatomy term ]
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that is part of a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679).
More Synonyms: célula epidérmica (Spanish), 表皮細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
epidermal cork cell [
PO:0000041; plant anatomy term ]
One of the two types of short cells in the epidermis of grasses and bamboos. It is usually paired with silica cell.
More Synonyms: célula de corcho epidérmica (Spanish), célula suberí epidérmica (Spanish), 表皮コルク細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: Developmentally different from periderm cork cell (i.e., phellem), produced by cork cambium. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025).
epidermal initial cell [
PO:0000349; plant anatomy term ]
An initial cell (PO:0004011) that is part of an epidermis (PO:0005679) and gives rise to specialized cell types of the epidermis.
More Synonyms: célula inicial de la epidermis (Spanish), epidermal initial, 表皮始原細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
epidermal pavement cell [
PO:0000332; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot epidermal cell that is relatively unspecialized at maturity.
More Synonyms: célula del pavimento epidermal (Spanish), 表皮被蓋細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: May have sinuous anticlinal cell walls that overall give a jigsaw like appearance to the epidermis. Pavement cells are epidermal cells that are not directly associated with a stomatal complex or trichome at maturity, but they share similar developmental origins.
epidermal rhizoid [
PO:0030071; plant anatomy term ]
A rhizoid (PO:0030078) that develops from an epidermal rhizoid initial cell (PO:0030068).
More Synonyms: 表皮仮根 (Japanese), rizoide epidérmico (Spanish)
Comments: Found in bryophytes and pteridophytes growing from the epidermis of a gametophore or the lower surface of a thallus and in some monocots growing from the stem at the cotyledonary node. May be considered a type of trichome.
epidermal rhizoid initial cell [
PO:0030068; plant anatomy term ]
An epidermal initial cell (PO:0000349) that gives rise to an epidermal rhizoid (PO:0030071).
More Synonyms: epidermal rhizoid initial, 表皮仮根始原細胞 (Japanese), rizoide inicial epidérmico (Spanish)
Comments: Part of the epidermis of a thallus or gametophore of a bryophyte or pteridophyte in the gametophytic phase or the stem of a monocot in the sporophytic phase.
epidermis [
PO:0005679; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) composed of epidermal cells (PO:0004013) that develops from the protoderm (PO:0006210) and covers the surface of a plant structure (PO:0009011).
More Synonyms: dermal tissue, epidermal layer, epidermides, epidermis (Spanish), epidermises, 表皮 (Japanese), multiseriate epidermis, portion of epidermal tissue
Comments: The epidermis can be composed of one or more layers of cells. In some species of vascular plants, the epidermis, which is a primary tissue, is replaced by periderm, which is secondary tissue, later in development. The epidermis can also include trichomes, stomatal pores, root hairs, and rhizoids.
epiphragm [
PO:0030054; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of parenchyma tissue that forms a circular membrane extending from a spore capsule columella and attached to the ends of the peristome teeth that covers a spore capsule mouth.
More Synonyms: epifragma (Spanish), epiphram, tympanum, 冬蓋 (Japanese)
Comments: Present in some moss species of the family Polytrichaceae.
epithem cell [
PO:0000066; plant anatomy term ]
A parenchyma cell of the mesophyll of a hydathode found between the xylem endings and the epidermis.
More Synonyms: célular ??? (Spanish), 被覆組織細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: Proposed to be involved in the retrieval of solutes from the xylem sap.
exarch protoxylem [
PO:0025554; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of protoxylem (PO:0000272) tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem (PO:0005849) progresses centripetally, the oldest elements (protoxylem) are farthest from the center of the plant axis (PO:0025004).
More Synonyms: protoxilema exarco (Spanish), 外原型原生木部 (Japanese)
Comments:
exocarp [
PO:0009085; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the outer layer of a pericarp (PO:0009084).
More Synonyms: ectocarp, epicarp, exocarpo (Spanish), flavedo, fruit epidermis, outer epidermis of pericarp, pericarp epidermis, PO:0006046, PO:0006217, portion of exocarp tissue, 外果皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
exodermal passage cell [
PO:0006207; plant anatomy term ]
A short cell in the dimorphic type of exodermis with cell wall that remains non-thickened.
More Synonyms: célula de pasaje exodérmica (Spanish), 外皮通過細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
exodermis [
PO:0005772; plant anatomy term ]
The sub-epidermal layer or layers of cells of the root similar in structure and cytochemical characteristics of the endodermis, the outermost layer or layers of cells of the cortex.
More Synonyms: exodermis (Spanish), root hypodermis, 外皮 (Japanese)
Comments: The cell walls are thickened and contain suberin. Absent in pteridophytes, fibrous in Phoenix and accompanied by sclerenchyma in Ananas.
exotegmen [
PO:0006218; plant anatomy term ]
That part of the seed coat that develops from the outer surface of the inner integument.
More Synonyms: tegmen exterior (Spanish), 内珠皮の外側の表皮から発生する内種皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
exotesta [
PO:0006050; plant anatomy term ]
That part of the seed coat that develops from the outer surface of the outer integument.
More Synonyms: exotesta/testa exterior (Spanish), portion of exotesta tissue, seed coat outer epidermis, 外珠皮の外側の表皮から発生する外種皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
exothecium [
PO:0030073; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of epidermis that is the outermost layer of a sporangium wall.
More Synonyms: epithecium, exotecio (Spanish), 葯の表皮(外膜) (Japanese), sporangium epidermis, sporangium wall exothecium
Comments: Develops from the outermost layer of an amphithecium in bryophytes.
extrafloral nectary [
PO:0009057; plant anatomy term ]
A multicellular glandular structure found in places other than flower secreting a liquid containing organic substances especially sugar.
More Synonyms: 花外蜜腺 (Japanese), nectario extrafloral (Spanish)
Comments: