callus parenchyma cell [
PO:0025285; plant anatomy term ]
A parenchyma cell that is part of a plant callus.
More Synonyms: カルス柔組織細胞 (Japanese), célula parenquimática del callo (Spanish)
Comments:
calyptra calyx [
PO:0025329; plant anatomy term ]
A fused calyx (PO:0025582) that is composed of fused sepals (PO:0025584).
More Synonyms: caliptra cáliz (Spanish), calycine operculum, calyx calyptrae, 蘚帽がく (Japanese), operculum calyx, outer operculum
Comments: Sometimes found in Eucalyptus and other Myrtaceae, covering an inner operculum or calyptra corolla. The sepals are generally completely fused. Species of the subgenus Monocalyptrus have only a calyptra corolla (inner operculum) while in most other species, a calyptra calyx is also present, at least early in flower development. Not the same structure as a spore capsule calyptra or fruit operculum. Sometimes erroneously referred to as part of a fruit.
calyptra corolla [
PO:0025330; plant anatomy term ]
A fused corolla (PO:0025581) that is composed of fused petals (PO:0025583).
More Synonyms: caliptra corola (Spanish), corolla calyptrae, corolline operculum, 蘚帽花冠 (Japanese), inner operculum, operculum corolla
Comments: Often found in Eucalyptus and other Myrtaceae. The petals are generally completely fused. If an outer operculum (calyptra calyx) is present, it covers the inner operculum (calyptra corolla). Species of the subgenus Monocalyptrus have only a calyptra corolla (inner operculum) while in most other species, a calyptra calyx is also present, at least early in flower development. Not the same structure as a spore capsule calyptra or fruit operculum. Sometimes erroneously referred to as part of a fruit.
calyx [
PO:0009060; plant anatomy term ]
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) that is composed of one or more sepals (PO:0009031), and comprises the outer whorl of non-reproductive floral organs (PO:0025395).
More Synonyms: がく (Japanese), cálix (Spanish), calyces
Comments: The calyx is part of the perianth (PO:0009058). This definition is based on the perfect flower, which has all four whorls. In many species, and in mutants one or more of the whorls are missing.
cambial initial cell [
PO:0000295; plant anatomy term ]
An initial cell (PO:0004011) that is part of the vascular cambium (PO:0005598) or cork cambium (PO:0005599), and by periclinal divisions, produces cells to the outside or inside of the cambial axis.
More Synonyms: célula inicial del cambium (Spanish), cambial cell, cambial initial, PO:0000080, 形成層始原細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
cambial zone [
PO:0025439; plant anatomy term ]
A cardinal organ part (PO:0025001) that is part of a plant axis (PO:0025004) and has as parts a cambium (PO:0005597) and adjacent cells.
More Synonyms: zona cambial (Spanish), 形成層帯 (Japanese)
Comments: The cambial zone generally consists of the initial cells of the cambium and their immediate derivatives, arranged in radial files. This term is used for the cambium (PO:0005597) and surrounding area, especially when the borders of the cambium are not clear.
cambium [
PO:0005597; plant anatomy term ]
A lateral meristem (PO:0020145) that has as part a single layer of cambial initial cells (PO:0000295) and their derivatives, arranged orderly in radial files.
More Synonyms: cambium (Spanish), 形成層 (Japanese)
Comments: This term is applied to only two types of meristems: vascular cambium (PO:0005598) and cork cambium/phellogen (PO:0005599).
canal [
PO:0025132; plant anatomy term ]
A plant anatomical space (PO:0025117) that is either a groove on the surface, or a tube in the interior of a plant structure (PO:0009011).
More Synonyms: canal (Spanish), channel, colpi, colpus, fossula, fossulae, furrow, groove, sulci, sulcus, vallecula, valleculae, 溝 (Japanese)
Comments: May be cylindrical (PATO:0001203) in shape, with a circular, D-shaped or other irregularly-shaped cross-section.
cardinal organ part [
PO:0025001; plant anatomy term ]
A cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025498) that is a proper part of a plant organ (PO:0009008) and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types.
More Synonyms: cardinal part of plant organ, parte de un órgano cardinal (Spanish), 基本的な(主要な)器官部 (Japanese)
Comments: Cardinal refers to the fact that these are biologically meaningful and not arbitrary parts. Examples include petiole (PO:0020038), lamina (PO:0025060), and leaflet (PO:0020049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs.
cardinal part of multi-tissue plant structure [
PO:0025498; plant anatomy term ]
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) and includes portions of plant tissues (PO:0009007) of at least two different types.
More Synonyms: 複数の組織からなる植物構造の基本(主要)部分 (Japanese), parte cardinal de estructura vegetal con múltiples tejidos (Spanish)
Comments: Includes cardinal parts of plant organs (PO:0025001) as well as parts of other multi-tissue plant structures. Cardinal refers to the fact that these are biologically meaningful and not arbitrary parts. Most cardinal parts of multi-tissue plant structures have both fiat and bona-fide boundaries, including parts with large fiat boundaries, such as leaf base (PO:0020040) or fruit distal end (PO:0008001), and parts with primarily bona-fide boundaries, such as leaflet (PO:0020049).
carpel [
PO:0009030; plant anatomy term ]
A megasporophyll, almost always at the center of a flower, its margins more or less fused together or with other carpels to enclose the ovule(s).
More Synonyms: carpelo (Spanish), pistil, PO:0006455, PO:0006470, Poaceae carpel, Zea carpel, 心皮 (Japanese)
Comments: In some cases, a gynoecium (PO:0009062) may consist of only one carpel, in which case annotations should go on carpel (PO:0009030). The word pistil is used synonymously with gynoecium, but if a gynoecium consists of a single carpel, then pistil may be used synonymously with carpel. If carpels are fused, the gynoecium is a syncarpous gynoecium, as in Poaceae, Brassicaceae and Solanaceae. If carpels are free, the gynoecium is an apocarpous gynoecium, as in Fabaceae. If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352), tassel floret (PO:0006310), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
carpel anlagen [
PO:0006005; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a carpel primordium (PO:0004703) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a flower meristem (PO:0000229).
More Synonyms: esbozo de carpelo (Spanish), 心皮原基 (Japanese)
Comments:
carpel epidermis [
PO:0025096; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of phyllome epidermis that is part of a carpel.
More Synonyms: epidermis del carpelo (Spanish), 心皮 表皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
carpel margin [
PO:0025019; plant anatomy term ]
The margin of a carpel.
More Synonyms: margen del carpelo (Spanish), 心皮縁 (Japanese)
Comments: Only flattened carpels can have a margin.
carpel primordium [
PO:0004703; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a carpel anlagen (PO:0006005) and is committed to the development of a carpel (PO:0009030).
More Synonyms: carpel primordia, portion of carpel primordium tissue, primordio de carpelo (Spanish), 心皮原基(可視的) (Japanese)
Comments:
carpel stomatal complex [
PO:0025217; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome stomatal complex that is part of a carpel.
More Synonyms: carpel epidermal stomatal complex, carpel epidermis stomatal complex, complejo estomático del carpelo (Spanish), 心皮気孔装置 (Japanese)
Comments:
carpel trichome [
PO:0025208; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome trichome that is part of a bract epidermis.
More Synonyms: tricoma del carpelo (Spanish), 心皮毛(毛茸、糸状体) (Japanese)
Comments:
carpel vascular system [
PO:0005019; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome vascular system that includes the totality of the portions of vascular tissue in their specific arrangement in a carpel.
More Synonyms: sistema vascular del carpelo (Spanish), 心皮維管系 (Japanese)
Comments:
caruncle [
PO:0020060; plant anatomy term ]
An arilloid that is an outgrowth of a seed next to the micropyle.
More Synonyms: carúncula (Spanish), 種枕(種阜) (Japanese)
Comments: Often hard and generally smaller and less elaborate than a arillode.
caryopsis hull [
PO:0006000; plant anatomy term ]
A collective phyllome structure that encloses a fruit of the Poaceae (caryopsis) and develops from a dried lemma and palea.
More Synonyms: イネ科植物 籾殻、外皮 (Japanese), plúmula de Poaceae (Spanish), Poaceae hull
Comments:
cauline axillary shoot [
PO:0005002; plant anatomy term ]
An axillary branch that forms from a leaf above the very base of the shoot.
More Synonyms: cauline axillary branch, epiblasto (epiblastema) axilar caulinar (Spanish), 茎生腋枝 (Japanese)
Comments: The genetic distinction between cauline axillary branches and tillers may or may not be unique to the Poaceae. There are no data for other plant families.
cauline leaf [
PO:0000013; plant anatomy term ]
A vascular leaf (PO:0009025), borne on the stem (PO:0009047).
More Synonyms: 茎生葉、茎葉 (Japanese), hoja caulinar (Spanish)
Comments: In Arabidopsis, refers to the leaves that are borne on the elongated inflorescence branches. May ocur singly or pairs/whorls of leaves.
cauline paraclade [
PO:0025547; plant anatomy term ]
A primary inflorescence branch (PO:0006321) borne on the elongated first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104).
More Synonyms: 茎側生分枝 (Japanese), paraclado caulinar (Spanish)
Comments:
caulonema [
PO:0030005; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of protonema tissue that consists of only caulonema cells.
More Synonyms: カウロネマ (Japanese), caulonema (Spanish), caulonemata, portion of caulonema tissue
Comments: Generally, the development of caulonema follows the development of chloronema. Only the caulonema, and not the chloronema, initiates gametophore buds.
caulonema cell [
PO:0030002; plant anatomy term ]
A chlorenchyma cell that is part of a caulonema and has cross walls of adjacent cells that are oblique to the protonema axis.
More Synonyms: カウロネマ細胞 (Japanese), célula del caulonema (Spanish)
Comments: A caulonema cell contains fewer, less well-developed chloroplasts than a chloronema cell.
caulonema meristematic apical cell [
PO:0030081; plant anatomy term ]
A protonema meristematic apical cell that is part of a caulonema.
More Synonyms: カウロネマ分裂頂端細胞 (Japanese), célula apical meristemática del caulonema (Spanish), caulonema apical cell, caulonema apical initial
Comments:
cellular endosperm [
PO:0000199; plant anatomy term ]
Endosperm in which the first karyokinesis event is accompanied by cytokinesis.
More Synonyms: 細胞性胚乳 (Japanese), endosperma célular (Spanish)
Comments:
centarch protoxylem [
PO:0025552; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of protoxylem (PO:0000272) tissue in which the maturation of primary xylem of the shoot system progresses centrifugally with the oldest elements (protoxylem) in the center of the axis.
More Synonyms: protoxilema centrarco (Spanish), 心原型原生木部 (Japanese)
Comments: This pattern was common in early land plants.
central endosperm [
PO:0006220; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue that is the central region of an endosperm, composed of cells that are significantly larger than those at the periphery, especially the aleurone and sub-aleurone layers.
More Synonyms: endosperma central (Spanish), portion of central endosperm tissue, 中心内胚乳、胚乳 (Japanese)
Comments: Also called starchy endosperm region (characteristic of some grasses).
central root cap [
PO:0020130; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of root parenchyma tissue that is the central part of a root cap in which the cells are arranged in longitudinal files.
More Synonyms: caliptra de la raíz central (Spanish), columella cells, columella rootcap, 中心根冠 (Japanese)
Comments:
central root cap of lateral root [
PO:0003019; plant anatomy term ]
A central root cap that is part of a root cap of lateral root.
More Synonyms: caliptra de la raíz central de la raíz lateral (Spanish), 側根の中心根冠 (Japanese)
Comments:
central root cap of primary root [
PO:0003021; plant anatomy term ]
A central root cap that is part of a root cap of primary root.
More Synonyms: caliptra de la raíz central de la raíz primaria (Spanish), 一次根の中心根冠 (Japanese)
Comments:
central spike of ear inflorescence [
PO:0006505; plant anatomy term ]
A first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104) that is the central axis of an ear inflorescence (PO:0020136).
More Synonyms: ear rachis, espiga central de la espiga de la inflorescencia (Spanish), 雌穂(花)中央の穂 (Japanese), Zea cob
Comments: Zea cob is different from the cob inflorescence found in Sorghum.
central spike of tassel inflorescence [
PO:0006324; plant anatomy term ]
A first order inflorescence axis (PO:0025104) that is the central axis of a tassel inflorescence (PO:0020126).
More Synonyms: espiga central del penacho (borla) de la inflorescencia (Spanish), 雄穂(花)中央の穂 (Japanese), tassel rachis
Comments:
central strand [
PO:0030051; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue that is an axial strand in the center of a gametophore axis or seta and has as part a hydrome or a leptome.
More Synonyms: conducting cylinder, conducting strand, hebra (hilo) central (Spanish), 中心束 (Japanese)
Comments: Often contains both hydrome and leptome. Found in bryophytes. The term central strand is sometimes used to describe a protostele in vascular plants, but this ontology class should only be used for non-vascular plants. Analogous to a vein or vascular bundle in vascular plants.
central zone [
PO:0000224; plant anatomy term ]
An area of densely packed cells in the shoot apex that divide infrequently.
More Synonyms: central initiation zone, zona central (Spanish), 中央帯 (Japanese)
Comments: Functions as a population of stem cells that replenishes the meristem.
central zone of the leaf lamina [
PO:0008020; plant anatomy term ]
Region that includes the widest or majority portion of leaf lamina and that does not include leaf apex and leaf lamina base.
More Synonyms: 葉身(葉片)の中央帯 (Japanese), zona central de la lámina de la hoja (Spanish)
Comments: If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
central zone of the petiole [
PO:0008025; plant anatomy term ]
Regions of the petiole that does not include petiole distal end and petiole proximal end.
More Synonyms: 葉柄の中央帯 (Japanese), zona central del pecíolo (Spanish)
Comments:
ceonosorus [
PO:0025360; plant anatomy term ]
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) on the surface of a vascular leaf that has as parts two or more fused sori (PO:0025359).
More Synonyms: ceonosoro (Spanish), coenosori, 融合胞子嚢を有する維管束葉表面の集合構造 (Japanese)
Comments:
chalaza [
PO:0020026; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is the region in a plant ovule (PO:0020003) where the integuments (PO:0020021) and the nucellus (PO:0020020) join with the funicule (PO:0020006).
More Synonyms: カラザ(合点)=珠心と珠皮が珠柄につながるところ、珠孔の反対側 (Japanese), calaza (Spanish), chalazae, chalazas, ovular chlaza, PO:0006458, PO:0006506, Poaceae chalaza, portion of chalaza tissue, Zea chalaza
Comments: The chalaza is recognized as the region which initiates the two integuments at its flank. If you are annotating to this structure for an angiosperm, please add an additional annotation to plant ovary ovule (PO:0025490). If you are annotating to this structure for an gymnosperm, please add an additional annotation to ovuliferous scale ovule (PO:0025491). If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), ear floret (PO:0006354), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of ear (PO:0006350), upper floret of sessile spikelet of ear (PO:0006352).
chalazal cyst [
PO:0000201; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue that is the part of the endosperm nearest the chalazal region of the ovule and forming a cyst-like structure.
More Synonyms: カラザの嚢 (Japanese), chalazal endosperm cyst, ciste calazal (Spanish), portion of chalazal cyst
Comments: Not in current literature. More like an attribute.
chlorenchyma [
PO:0005426; plant anatomy term ]
Chloroplast-containing parenchyma tissue.
More Synonyms: clorénquima (Spanish), portion of chlorenchyma tissue, 同化組織、葉緑組織 (Japanese)
Comments:
chlorenchyma cell [
PO:0000076; plant anatomy term ]
A parenchyma cell containing chloroplasts; a component of leaf mesophyll and other green parenchyma tissue.
More Synonyms: célula clorenquimática (Spanish), 同化組織、葉緑組織 細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
chloronema [
PO:0030004; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of protonema tissue that consists of only chloronema cells.
More Synonyms: クロロネマ (Japanese), chloronemata, cloronema (Spanish), portion of chloronema tissue
Comments: Generally, the development of chloronema precedes the development of caulonema. Only the caulonema, and not the chloronema, initiates gametophore buds.
chloronema cell [
PO:0030001; plant anatomy term ]
A chlorenchyma cell that is part of a chloronema and has cross walls of adjacent cells that are perpendicular to the protonema axis.
More Synonyms: クロロネマ細胞 (Japanese), célula del cloronema (Spanish)
Comments: A chloronema cell contains many well-developed chloroplasts.
chloronema meristematic apical cell [
PO:0030082; plant anatomy term ]
A protonema meristematic apical cell that is part of a chloronema.
More Synonyms: クロロネマ分裂頂端細胞 (Japanese), célula apical meristemática del cloronema (Spanish), chloronema apical cell, chloronema apical initial
Comments:
cigar leaf [
PO:0025130; plant anatomy term ]
A leaf near the apex of a stem that is still rolled into a cylinder.
More Synonyms: 葉巻状葉 (Japanese), hoja en cigarro (Spanish)
Comments: Describes the phenotype of a vascular leaf during a leaf development phase in Musa and other monocots.
cigar leaf lamina abaxial epidermis [
PO:0025135; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of leaf lamina abaxial epidermis that covers the abaxial surface of a cigar leaf.
More Synonyms: cigar leaf dorsal surface, epidermis abaxial de la lámina de la hoja en cigarro (Spanish), 葉巻状葉の葉身背軸側表皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
cladode [
PO:0025354; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot axis that is flattened and expanded.
More Synonyms: cladodio (Spanish), cladophyll, phylloclade, 扁茎、仮葉枝、葉状茎 (Japanese)
Comments: Has an increased surface area for photosynthesis and may function similar to leaves in plants that have no or small leaves, such as cacti. Consists of one to several internodes and nodes. Cladodes bear scale leaves (or leaf scars where temporary leaves have fallen off) that subtend axillary buds.
coleoptile [
PO:0020033; plant anatomy term ]
A sheath-like plant organ (PO:0009008) that surrounds the plumule (PO:0020032) of a plant embryo (PO:0009009) or the emerging shoot apex (PO:0000037) of a seedling.
More Synonyms: coleóptile (Spanish), 子葉鞘、鞘葉 (Japanese)
Comments: The coleoptile is an outgrowth or part of the scutellum (PO:0020110) (which is a modified, haustorial cotyledon (PO:0020030)). Develops separate from the shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). Found in Poaceae and other monocotyledons such as Zingiberaceae. Protects the emerging shoot system (PO:0009006) as it grows through the soil.
coleorhiza [
PO:0020034; plant anatomy term ]
A sheath-like plant organ (PO:0009008) that surrounds the radicle (PO:0020031) of a plant embryo (PO:0009009) or the emerging root (PO:0009005) of a seedling (PO:0000003).
More Synonyms: coleorriza (Spanish), 根鞘 (Japanese)
Comments: Found in Poaceae and some other monocots as well as some gymnosperms. Protects the emerging radicle in a plant embryo or seedling. The parenchyma cells of both the coleorhiza and epiblast may function in storage.
collective leaf structure [
PO:0025022; plant anatomy term ]
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) composed of two or more leaves (PO:0025034).
More Synonyms: cycle, estructura colectiva de hoja (Spanish), 葉が集まった構造 (Japanese), leaf series, leaf whorl, rosette, verticil
Comments: This term replaces the obsolete term leaf whorl (PO:0008034). If you are looking for annotations for PO:0008034, please use this term instead.
collective organ part structure [
PO:0025269; plant anatomy term ]
A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) composed of two or more cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001) that are part of adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
More Synonyms: órgano colectivo de una parte de la estructura (Spanish), 集合的器官の部分構造 (Japanese)
Comments: A collective organ part structure is composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete organs. The organ parts are often of the same type but may be of different types. Includes plant structures like a septum (PO:0000030) that consists of the walls of two fused carpels (PO:0009030) or a pseudostem (PO:0025248) that consist of multiple, overlapping leaf sheaths (PO:0020104). Unlike a collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007), a collective organ part structure does not contain any complete plant organs.
collective phyllome structure [
PO:0025023; plant anatomy term ]
A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that consists of two or more phyllomes (PO:0006001) originating from the same node or from one or more adjacent nodes with compressed shoot internodes (PO:0005005).
More Synonyms: cycle, estructura colectiva del filoma (Spanish), 葉的器官が集まった構造 (Japanese), floral whorl, phyllome whorl, PO:0008033, verticil, whorl
Comments:
collective plant organ structure [
PO:0025007; plant anatomy term ]
A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
More Synonyms: estructura vegetal colectiva de órgano (Spanish), 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese)
Comments: Organs can be of the same type or different types. Examples include flower (PO:0009046), perianth (PO:0009058), and inflorescence (PO:0009049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete plant organs. This was formerly named collective plant structure.
collective plant structure [
PO:0025497; plant anatomy term ]
A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007).
More Synonyms: estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish), 集合的植物構造 (Japanese)
Comments: This is a parent term to describe both collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) (e.g. septum), as well as collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) (which was formerly named collective plant structure), for example shoot system (PO:0009006).
collective tepal structure [
PO:0025021; plant anatomy term ]
A perianth (PO:0009058) consisting of one or more tepals (PO:0009033).
More Synonyms: estructura colectiva del tépalo (Spanish), 集合花被片構造 (Japanese)
Comments: This structure is a perianth (PO:0009058) where there is no differentiation between calyx (PO:0009060) and corolla (PO:0009059).
collenchyma [
PO:0005423; plant anatomy term ]
Living tissue composed of more or less elongated cells with thick non-lignified primary cell walls.
More Synonyms: colénquima (Spanish), portion of collenchyma tissue, supporting tissue, 厚角組織 (Japanese)
Comments:
collenchyma cell [
PO:0000075; plant anatomy term ]
An elongated plant cell with unevenly thickened non-lignified primary walls that is alive at maturity.
More Synonyms: célula colenquimática (Spanish), 厚角組織 細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
columella [
PO:0025230; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue that forms the central axis of a plant structure such as a fruit or moss capsule.
More Synonyms: columela (Spanish), 軸柱、柱軸 (Japanese), portion of columella tissue
Comments:
columella root cap cell [
PO:0020132; plant anatomy term ]
Cell that constitutes the central part of the root cap, arranged in longitudinal files.
More Synonyms: célula de la columela del caliptra de la raíz (Spanish), 柱軸根冠細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
columella root cap initial cell [
PO:0020133; plant anatomy term ]
A root initial cell that produces columella cells in the root cap. In direct contact with quiescent center.
More Synonyms: célula inicial de la columela del caliptra de la raíz (Spanish), columella root cap initial, columella root cap stem cell, columella stem cell, 柱軸根冠始原細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
coma [
PO:0020061; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of seed coat epidermis that consists of multiple seed trichomes at the micropyle.
More Synonyms: brush, coma (Spanish), comae, comas, 種髪 (Japanese), tuft
Comments:
companion cell [
PO:0000071; plant anatomy term ]
A parenchyma cell (PO:0000074) that is adjacent to a sieve tube element (PO:0000289) and arises from the same phloem mother cell (PO:0000400) as the sieve tube element.
More Synonyms: célula acompañiante (Spanish), minor vein companion cell, 伴細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: Companion cells are connected to sieve tube elements through plasmodesmata and function in phloem loading of small molecules, including photosynthate (either sucrose or raffinose-family oligosaccharides). May participate in phloem sucrose loading (GO:0009915). Molecules can be loaded into the companion cells from surrounding cells through either symplastic (via plasmodesmata) or apoplastic (transmembrane) transport. Unlike sieve tube elements, companion cells retain their nuclei and other organelles at maturity. A sieve tube element may have one or more or no companion cells associated with it. This term should not be used for other types of parenchyma cells (PO:0000074) that do not arise from the same phloem mother cell as a sieve tube element. Companion cells are found in angiosperms, as compared to albuminous cells (PO:0025412), which are found in non-angiosperm vascular plants. Companion cells may be specialized as transfer companion cells (PO:0025458), ordinary companion cells (PO:0025459), or intermediary companion cells (PO:0025460). Multiple types of companion cells may be found in the same plant.
compound leaf [
PO:0020043; plant anatomy term ]
A leaf having two or more distinct leaflets that are evident as such from early in development.
More Synonyms: 複葉 (Japanese), hoja compuesta (Spanish)
Comments:
compression wood [
PO:0025473; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of reaction wood (PO:0025472) found on the lower side of a shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is or was angled away from vertical and that has as parts heavily lignified tracheids (PO:0000301) with a specialized S2 layer that contains more lignin and has a larger (more horizontal) microfibril angle.
More Synonyms:
Comments: Develops as a response to gravity (compression) and may function in restoring a stem (PO:0009047) or branch (PO:0025073) that is leaning to its original position. Found in gymnosperms.
connective [
PO:0009068; plant anatomy term ]
The part of the stamen that connects the microsporangia/pollen sacs.
More Synonyms: conectivo (Spanish), 葯隔、結合組織 (Japanese), PO:0006443, PO:0006475, Poaceae connective, Zea connective
Comments: If you are annotating to this structure for Zea mays or other grasses, please also add an annotation to the corresponding floret type. Choose the most specific term possible from: spikelet floret (PO:0009082), tassel floret (PO:0006310), lower floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006313), lower floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006315), upper floret of pedicellate spikelet of tassel (PO:0006314), upper floret of sessile spikelet of tassel (PO:0006316).
cork cambium [
PO:0005599; plant anatomy term ]
A cambium (PO:0005597) that is part of a periderm (PO:0005046) and produces phellem (PO:0004003) and phelloderm (PO:0005050).
More Synonyms: コルク形成層 (Japanese), cambium de corcho (Spanish), phellogen
Comments: Cork cambium is located between the phellem and phelloderm and produces phellem toward the outside and phelloderm toward the inside of a plant axis (PO:0025004).
corm [
PO:0025355; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot system (PO:0009006) that has as parts a short, enlarged stem (PO:0009047) in which the shoot internodes (PO:0005005) do not elongate, and one or more buds (PO:0000055).
More Synonyms: cormel, cormlet, cormo (Spanish), 球茎 (Japanese), diaspore, pseudobulb
Comments: May serve as a storage or perennating organ. Usually underground. A corm differs from a bulb (PO:0025356) in that it does not have fleshy leaves or leaf bases but usually has scale leaves or remnants of dry leaf sheaths that form a protective covering around it. May bear remnants or scars of detached leaves. Adventitious roots may develop from the base of a corm, and these may be contractile, pulling the corm into the soil. Examples include Gladiolus and Crocus. The pseudobulb of an orchid is equivalent to a corm. A corm is very similar to a rhizome (PO:0004542) with very short sympodial units, although not all corms have sympodial growth.
corolla [
PO:0009059; plant anatomy term ]
A collective phyllome structure (PO:0025023) that is composed of one or more petals (PO:0009032), comprising the inner whorl of non-reproductive floral organs (PO:0025395) and surrounds the androecium (PO:0009061) and the gynoecium (PO:0009062).
More Synonyms: corola (Spanish), corollae, corollas, 花冠 (Japanese)
Comments: The corolla (PO:0009059) is part of the perianth (PO:0009058). This definition is based on the complete flower, which has all four whorls. In many species, and in mutants one or more of the whorls may be missing. The corolla (PO:0009059) often functions to attract pollinators.
corolla spur [
PO:0025512; plant anatomy term ]
A collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) that is a slender, hollow extension of a corolla and has as parts segments of two more fused petals.
More Synonyms: 花冠距
Comments: Often contains nectar. Use this term if the spur is part of two or more fused petals (PO:0009032). If the spur is part of a single petal, use petal spur (PO:0025511).
cortex [
PO:0005708; plant anatomy term ]
A maximal portion of ground tissue (PO:0025059) between the vascular system (PO:0000034) and the epidermis (PO:0005679) in a plant.
More Synonyms: cortex (corteza) (Spanish), 皮層 (Japanese), portion of cortex tissue
Comments:
costa [
PO:0030072; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) that is a single or double strand in the center of a non-vascular leaf and has as part hydrome (PO:0030047) or leptome (PO:0030048).
More Synonyms: costa (Spanish), costae, mid rib, midrib, non-vascular leaf midrib, non-vascular leaf midvein, non-vascular leaflet midrib, phyllid costa, phyllid midrib, phyllid midvein, 中肋 (Japanese)
Comments: Found in bryophytes. Often contains both hydrome and leptome. Functions in support and conduction in a phyllid. The term costa is sometimes used for the midrib of monocot leaves, but this ontology class should only be used for non-vascular leaves.
cotyledon [
PO:0020030; plant anatomy term ]
A vascular leaf (PO:0009025) formed at the first shoot node (PO:0005004) of a plant embryo (PO:0009009) or a seedling (PO:0000003).
More Synonyms: cotiledón (Spanish), seed leaf, 子葉 (Japanese)
Comments:
cotyledon abaxial epidermis [
PO:0006057; plant anatomy term ]
The abaxial/lower epidermal cell layer of the cotyledon.
More Synonyms: epidermis abaxial de cotiledón (Spanish), 子葉 背軸側 表皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
cotyledon adaxial epidermis [
PO:0006058; plant anatomy term ]
The adaxial/upper epidermal cell layer of the cotyledon.
More Synonyms: epidermis adaxial de cotiledón (Spanish), 子葉 向軸側 表皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
cotyledon anlagen [
PO:0025432; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a cotyledon primordium (PO:0000015) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of an embryo shoot apical meristem (PO:0006362).
More Synonyms: precursor de cotiledón (Spanish), 子葉原基 (Japanese)
Comments:
cotyledon epidermis [
PO:0006056; plant anatomy term ]
A leaf epidermis that is part of a cotyledon.
More Synonyms: epidermis del cotiledón (Spanish), 子葉 表皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
cotyledon margin [
PO:0025012; plant anatomy term ]
The margin of a cotyledon.
More Synonyms: margen del cotiledón (Spanish), 子葉縁 (Japanese)
Comments:
cotyledon primordium [
PO:0000015; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025128) that develops from a cotyledon anlagen (PO:0025432) and is part of a vegetative shoot apex (PO:0025223) and is committed to the development of a cotyledon (PO:0020030).
More Synonyms: cotyledon primordia, portion of cotyledon primordium tissue, primordio de cotiledón (Spanish), 子葉原基(可視的) (Japanese)
Comments:
cotyledon vascular system [
PO:0000035; plant anatomy term ]
A vascular system that is part of a cotyledon.
More Synonyms: sistema vascular del cotiledón (Spanish), 子葉維管系 (Japanese)
Comments:
cotyledonary node [
PO:0025321; plant anatomy term ]
A stem node from which one or more cotyledons grow.
More Synonyms: nodo del cotiledón (Spanish), 子葉節 (Japanese)
Comments:
cotyledonary node rhizoid [
PO:0025320; plant anatomy term ]
An epidermal rhizoid that grows form a cotyledonary node.
More Synonyms: collar rhizoid, rizoide del nodo del cotiledón (Spanish), wurtzelhalsrhizoid, 子葉節仮根 (Japanese)
Comments: Found in some monocots.
crown root [
PO:0000043; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot-borne nodal root (PO:0003005) formed at a stem base (PO:0008039).
More Synonyms: adventitious root, raíz en corona (Spanish), 冠根 (Japanese)
Comments:
cultured plant callus [
PO:0000009; plant anatomy term ]
A plant callus (PO:0005052) grown or maintained in vitro.
More Synonyms: callo cultivado (Spanish), cultured callus, 培養植物カルス (Japanese)
Comments: Cultured plant callus may induced to form from plant protoplasts or cultured plant cells in suspension culture. After supplementation with the appropriate plant growth regulators, further differentiation may lead to the development of plant tissues, plant organs and ultimately, a whole plant.
cultured plant cell [
PO:0000005; plant anatomy term ]
A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is grown or maintained in vitro.
More Synonyms: célula cultivada (Spanish), cell suspension, cultured cell, 培養植物細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: Includes isolated plant cells and small plant cell aggregates that proliferate while suspended in sterile liquid medium or spread on a solid agar medium.
cultured plant embryo [
PO:0000010; plant anatomy term ]
A plant embryo (PO:0009009) that is grown or maintained in vitro.
More Synonyms: cultured embryo, embrión cultivado (Spanish), 培養植物胚 (Japanese)
Comments: Includes isolated and maintained mature or immature zygotic embryos, somatic embryos or haploid embryos (derived from male gametophyte).
cultured somatic plant embryo [
PO:0000011; plant anatomy term ]
A somatic plant embryo grown and maintained in vitro.
More Synonyms: cultured somatic embryo, embrión somático cultivado (Spanish), 培養植物体細胞不定胚 (Japanese)
Comments: Cultured somatic plant embryos are commonly induced after the formation of callus from an explant and treatment with plant growth regulators.
cultured zygote-derived plant embryo [
PO:0025304; plant anatomy term ]
A zygotic plant embryo that is grown or maintained in vitro.
More Synonyms: cultured zygote-derived embryo, cultured zygotic embryo, embrión cultivado derivado del cigoto vegetal (Spanish), 培養接合子由来植物胚 (Japanese)
Comments:
cuticular wax [
PO:0025386; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) comprised predominantly of very long chain aliphatic lipids and is part of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022).
More Synonyms: クチクラワックス (Japanese), cera cuticular (Spanish)
Comments: Also includes triterpenoids and minor secondary metabolites, such as sterols and flavonoids. May be embedded within or external to the layer of cutin of the cuticle proper. Phenotypically, wax is distinguished as the glaucous or whitish bloom on a part of a plant shoot system that corresponds to crystalloid epicuticular wax with light scattering capacity.
cutin [
PO:0025385; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is the inner layer of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022), and is composed of a polyester matrix of hydroxy- and hydroxy epoxy fatty acid C16 and C18 chains.
More Synonyms: クチン (Japanese), cutin matrix
Comments: Cutin is the insoluble, covalently cross-linked polymer that forms an electron dense layer over the epidermal cells (PO:0004013) of an aerial plant structure.