banner petal [
PO:0025324; plant anatomy term ]
A petal (PO:0009032) that is the top-most petal of a papilionaceous corolla (PO:0009059).
More Synonyms: banner, pétalo estandarte (Spanish), standard, vexilla, vexillum, 旗弁 (Japanese)
Comments: Usually larger than the adjacent wing petals. Found in the flowers of some Fabaceae.
bark [
PO:0004518; plant anatomy term ]
All tissues outside the vascular cambium or the xylem; in older trees may be divided into dead outer bark and living inner bark, which consists of secondary phloem.
More Synonyms: corteza (Spanish), portion of bark tissue, 樹皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
basal axillary shoot system [
PO:0005001; plant anatomy term ]
An axillary shoot system (PO:0006343) that is part of a stem base (PO:0008039).
More Synonyms: basal axillary branch, epiblasto (epiblastema) axilar basal (Spanish), ratoon, tiller, 基底腋枝系 (Japanese)
Comments: Called a tiller in the Poaceae.
basal endosperm transfer cell [
PO:0009018; plant anatomy term ]
A transfer cell that is part of a basal endosperm transfer layer.
More Synonyms: célula de transferencia del endosperma basal (Spanish), 基底胚乳転送細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: Responsible for transferring nutrients to an embryo by symplastic or apoplastic methods.
basal endosperm transfer layer [
PO:0025196; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of plant tissue that is part of an endosperm and is composed of basal endosperm transfer cells.
More Synonyms: capa de transferencia del endosperma basal (Spanish), 基底胚乳転送層 (Japanese)
Comments: Involved in transferring nutrients to an embryo.
basal root [
PO:0025002; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot-borne internode root (PO:0025593) that arises from a part of the hypocotyl (PO:0020100).
More Synonyms: adventitious root, raíz basal (Spanish), 下胚軸由来の根、不定根 (Japanese)
Comments:
basal root primordium [
PO:0025479; plant anatomy term ]
A root primordium (PO:0005029) that is committed to the development of a basal root (PO:0025002).
More Synonyms: adventitious root primordium, portion of basal root primordium tissue, primordio basal de la raíz (Spanish), 下胚軸由来の根の原基(可視的)、不定根原基(可視的) (Japanese)
Comments: Transition from basal root primordium to basal root occurs with the formation of a root cap (PO:0020123), shortly after the development of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147).
body cell [
PO:0025526; plant anatomy term ]
A spermatogenous cell (PO:0025525) of the microgametophyte (PO:0025280) that divides to produce a vegetative cell (PO:0020099) and the pollen sperm cell (PO:0025121).
More Synonyms: gymnosperm generative cell
Comments: Occurs in gymnosperms.
brachycyte [
PO:0030058; plant anatomy term ]
A native plant cell (PO:0025606) that develops from a cell in a protonema (PO:0030003) and has a thick cell wall.
More Synonyms: braquicito (Spanish), brood cell, 原糸体細胞の細胞壁を厚くした細胞、耐性細胞(brood cell?) (Japanese)
Comments: Found in mosses. A brachycyte is a drought tolerant cell that can act as a gemma (PO:0025614) and may give rise to a new plant. Cells of a protonema (PO:0030003) may develop into brachycytes under stress. May form a chain or be separated by tmema cells (PO:0030059).
bract [
PO:0009055; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome that subtends a reproductive structure.
More Synonyms: bráctea (Spanish), bracteole, bractlet, 苞葉 (Japanese), hypsophyll, scale
Comments: Usually different from leaves. Often used to refer to a floral bract, but includes other kinds of bracts.
bract abaxial epidermis [
PO:0025159; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of bract epidermis that covers the abaxial/lower surface of a bract.
More Synonyms: bract external face, epidermis abaxial de la bráctea (Spanish), 苞背軸側 表皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
bract adaxial epidermis [
PO:0025160; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of bract epidermis that covers the adaxial/upper surface of a bract.
More Synonyms: bract internal face, epidermis adaxail de la bráctea (Spanish), 苞向軸側 表皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
bract anlagen [
PO:0025482; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) that will give rise to a bract primordium (PO:0025487) and is part of a peripheral zone (PO:000225) of a reproductive shoot apical meristem (PO:0008028).
More Synonyms: anlagen de bráctea (Spanish), 苞原基 (Japanese)
Comments:
bract apex [
PO:0025154; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome apex (PO:0025139) that is part of a bract (PO:0009055).
More Synonyms: ápice de la bráctea (Spanish), 苞頂端 (Japanese)
Comments: It is not precisely defined how far toward the base from the tip a bract apex extends. For the apical most portion of a bract, use the term bract tip.
bract axil [
PO:0025225; plant anatomy term ]
An axil that is the space between a shoot axis and a bract that branches from the shoot axis.
More Synonyms: axila de la bráctea (Spanish), 苞腋 (Japanese)
Comments:
bract base [
PO:0025155; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome base (PO:0025140) that is part of a bract (PO:0009055).
More Synonyms: base de la bráctea (Spanish), 苞基部 (Japanese)
Comments:
bract epidermis [
PO:0025158; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a bract (PO:0009055).
More Synonyms: epidermis de la bráctea (Spanish), 苞表皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
bract margin [
PO:0025011; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome margin (PO:0025018) that is part of a bract (PO:0009055).
More Synonyms: 苞縁 (Japanese), margen de la bráctea (Spanish)
Comments:
bract primordium [
PO:0025487; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome primordium (PO:0025487) that is committed to the development of a flower bract (PO:0009055).
More Synonyms: bract primordia, 苞原基(可視的) (Japanese), portion of bract primordium tissue, primordio de la bráctea (Spanish)
Comments:
bract stomatal complex [
PO:0025216; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome stomatal complex (PO:0025215) that is part of a bract (PO:0009055).
More Synonyms: bract epidermal stomatal complex, bract epidermis stomatal complex, complejo estomático de la bráctea (Spanish), 苞気孔装置 (Japanese)
Comments:
bract tip [
PO:0025156; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome tip that is part of a bract apex.
More Synonyms: 苞端 (Japanese), punta de la bráctea (Spanish)
Comments: This term is to be used for only the apical most portion of a bract. For a larger area, use the term bract apex. Use this term when describing the shape of a bract tip.
bract trichome [
PO:0025098; plant anatomy term ]
A phyllome trichome that is part of a bract epidermis.
More Synonyms: 苞毛(毛茸、糸状体) (Japanese), tricoma de bráctea (Spanish)
Comments:
bracteole [
PO:0009043; plant anatomy term ]
A small leaf or leaves borne singly or in pairs on the pedicel, the prophyll(s) of the flower-shoot (pedicel plus flower).
More Synonyms: bracteola (Spanish), bractlet, 小苞 (Japanese)
Comments:
branch [
PO:0025073; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot axis (PO:00025029) that develops from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232) or from equal divisions of a meristematic apical cell (PO:0030007).
More Synonyms: , branchlet, higher order axis, ramificación (Spanish), secondary axis, shoot axis branch, tertiary axis, twig, 枝 (Japanese)
Comments: In vascular plants, branches arise from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232) and from divisions of the meristematic apical cell (PO:0030007) in non-vascular plants.
branch axil [
PO:0025226; plant anatomy term ]
An axil that is the space between a shoot axis and a branch that branches from the shoot axis.
More Synonyms: axila de la ramificación (Spanish), 枝腋 (Japanese)
Comments:
branch epidermis [
PO:0025179; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of shoot axis epidermis that is part of a branch.
More Synonyms: epidermis de la ramificación (Spanish), 枝 表皮 (Japanese)
Comments:
branch internode [
PO:0025080; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot axis internode (PO:0005005) that is part of a branch (PO:0025073).
More Synonyms: internodo de una ramificación (Spanish), 枝節間 (Japanese)
Comments:
branch internode differentiation zone [
PO:0025103; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot internode differentiation zone that is part of a branch internode.
More Synonyms: zona de diferenciación de la ramificación del internodo (Spanish), 枝節間分化帯(層) (Japanese)
Comments:
branch internode elongation zone [
PO:0025101; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot axis internode elongation zone that is part of a branch internode.
More Synonyms: zona de elongación de la ramificación del internodo (Spanish), 枝節間伸長帯(層) (Japanese)
Comments:
branch node [
PO:0025024; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot node (PO:0005004) that is part of a branch (PO:0025073).
More Synonyms: nodo ramificado (Spanish), 枝節 (Japanese)
Comments:
branch procambium [
PO:0025274; plant anatomy term ]
A portion of shoot axis procambium gives rise to the primary vascular tissue of a branch.
More Synonyms: procambio de la ramificación (Spanish), 枝前形成層 (Japanese)
Comments:
branch stele [
PO:0025199; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot axis stele that is part of a branch.
More Synonyms: estela de la ramificación (Spanish), 枝中心柱 (Japanese)
Comments:
branch tendril [
PO:0025364; plant anatomy term ]
A branch that is slender and coiling.
More Synonyms: rama en zarzillo (Spanish), tendril, 枝巻きひげ (Japanese)
Comments: Aids plant in climbing. A branch tendril will usually be subtended by a leaf or leaf scar. May be branched, may have adhesive disks at its distal end, may be woody, and may bear small leaves. See also leaf tendril (PO:0025361), leaflet tendril (PO:0025362), leaf apex tendril (PO:0025363), stem apex tendril (PO:0025365), leaf rachis tendril (PO:0025366), and prophyll tendril (PO:0025367). Careful observation is required to correctly classify somentendrils.
branch trichome [
PO:0025177; plant anatomy term ]
A shoot axis trichome that is part of a branch epidermis.
More Synonyms: branch hair, tricoma de una ramificación (Spanish), 枝の毛 (Japanese)
Comments:
bud [
PO:0000055; plant anatomy term ]
An undeveloped shoot system (PO:0009006).
More Synonyms: adventitious bud, 芽 (Japanese), yema (Spanish)
Comments:
bud scale leaf [
PO:0020054; plant anatomy term ]
A scale leaf that surrounds a dormant or perennating bud.
More Synonyms: bud scale, escama de la yema (Spanish), 芽鱗片葉 (Japanese)
Comments:
bulb [
PO:0025356; plant anatomy term ]
A short, enlarged shoot system (PO:0009006) that has as parts a short stem (PO:0009047) in which the shoot internodes (PO:0005005) do not elongate, and one or more buds (PO:0000055) enclosed by fleshy leaves (PO:0009025) or leaf bases (PO:0020040).
More Synonyms: bulbet, bulbo (Spanish), 球根、鱗茎 (Japanese), diaspore
Comments: May serve as a storage and/or perennating organ. Usually underground. A bulb differs from a corm (PO:0025355) by having fleshy leaves or leaf bases. The outer leaves of a bulb are often dry and membranous, rather than fleshy. May bear adventitious roots. Examples include Alium and Tulipa. Not the same structure as a bulbil.
bulliform cell [
PO:0004001; plant anatomy term ]
An enlarged more or less thin-walled leaf pavement cell, present, with other similar cells, in longitudinal rows in leaves of monocots.
More Synonyms: célula bulliforme (Spanish), motor cell, 泡状細胞 (Japanese)
Comments: Also called motor cell because of its presumed participation in the mechanism of rolling and unrolling of leaves. If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf.
bundle sheath [
PO:0006023; plant anatomy term ]
A layer or layers of cells surrounding the vascular bundles of leaves. It may consist of parenchyma or sclerenchyma.
More Synonyms: 維管束鞘 (Japanese), vaina del haz (Spanish)
Comments:
bundle sheath cell [
PO:0025541; plant anatomy term ]
A ground tissue cell (PO:0000076) that is part of a bundle sheath (PO:0006023).
More Synonyms: celula de la vaina del haz vascular (Spanish), 維管束鞘細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
bundle sheath chlorenchyma cell [
PO:0025542; plant anatomy term ]
A chlorenchyma cell (PO:0000076) that is part of a bundle sheath (PO:0006023).
More Synonyms: celula clorenquimatica de la vaina del haz vascular (Spanish), 維管束鞘同化組織、葉緑組織細胞 (Japanese)
Comments:
bundle sheath extension [
PO:0006022; plant anatomy term ]
A strip of ground tissue present along the leaf veins and extending from the bundle sheath to the epidermis. It may be present on one or both sides of the vein and may consist of parenchyma or sclerenchyma.
More Synonyms: 維管束鞘延長部 (Japanese), extensión de la vaina vascular (Spanish)
Comments: